Answer each question using only your own words. No credit will be awarded for any answers copied from other sources.
Part 1: Hematology Basics
In your own words, provide a one to three sentence description for each of the following terms.
- Plasma:
- Serum:
- Buffy coat:
- Hematocrit:
- Hemostasis:
- Screening tests:
- CBC:
- Reflex testing:
- Reference interval:
- Reticulocyte:
Part 2: Clinical Hematology Basics
Refer to reference interval tables provided in Appendix A.
- A CBC from an adult male has the following results:
Hb: 16.3 g/dL
RBC: 5.2 X 1012/L
WBC: 9.2 X 109/L
Platelet count: 95 X 109/L
What parameter(s), lie outside the reference intervals?
What kind of symptoms might be associate with this abnormal result?
- A CBC from an adult female has the following results:
Hb: 8.1 g/dL
RBC: 3.1 X 1012/L
WBC: 10.5 X 109/L
Platelet count: 305 X 109/L
What parameter(s), lie outside the reference intervals?
What type of clinical condition would be indicated by this abnormal result?
- A CBC from a 6 month old infant has the following results:
Hb: 12 g/dL
RBC: 5.1 X 1012/L
WBC: 23 X 109/L
Platelet count: 210 X 109/L
What parameter(s), lie outside the reference intervals?
Name a possible underlying reason for this abnormal result?
- Cytochemical staining is an important technique used for cellular classification. Refer to information provided in the textbook and conduct some online research to briefly describe the properties of the stains indicated below. Be sure to cite the online resources that you use to in your research; and be sure to compose the answers in your own original words/phrasing.
- Romanowsky stains:
- Name examples of Romanowsky stains that are included in this category:
- List the key chemical components, and the types of biological molecules that are revealed by these chemicals:
- Supravital stains:
- What are the two most commonly used supravital dyes used for reticulocyte analysis?
- What particular sub-cellular structures do these stains reveal?
- Perl’s Prussian Blue:
- What particular chemical is detectable by this stain?
- Why is this relevant in hematology?
- Briefly describe how a peripheral blood smear is prepared and explain the kinds of information that can be gathered from this procedure.
- Explain techniques used to distinguish between HSC, progenitors, and fully mature blood cells.
Part 3: Hematopoiesis & Erythrocytes
In your own words, briefly (one to three sentences) describe the key hematological functions or meanings of the following terms.
- Bone marrow:
- Spleen:
- Blast:
- Extramedullary hematopoiesis:
- Culling:
- Glycophorin C:
- Band 3:
- Rapoport-Leubering Shunt:
- ALAS2:
- Methemoglobin:
Part 4: Regulation of Hematopoiesis
Refer to figure 4-5 to complete the table below; and then answer the questions that follow.
For the following table, list within each category the cytokines that act on the indicated cell types.
| Cell Type | Cytokines |
| HSC | |
| MPP | |
| EMkP | |
| GMP | |
| EP | |
| MkP | |
| EoP | |
| BaP | |
| NP | |
| MP | |
| CLP | |
| BCP | |
| TCP |
Questions:
- Define the term “pleiotropic” in the context of cytokine action in hematopoiesis and provide one example (explain).
- Define “redundancy” in the context of cytokine action in hematopoiesis and provide an example (explain).
- Briefly distinguish between endocrine, autocrine, paracrine and juxtacrine signaling.
