A 30-year-old female presents with muscle weakness and fatigue. Abnormal electromyography testing and a positive acetylcholine receptor antibodies test is reported. Her final diagnosis is Myasthenia Gravis.
- Describe the normal synaptic transmission at the Neuromuscular Junction (NMJ).
- Why is the ACh level increased?
- Explain why the patient with myasthenia gravis cannot generate consistent action potentials in the muscle fiber.
- Treatment for the patient involves pyridostigmine—what does this drug do and how would it benefit our patient?
An 80-year-old male presents with resolving decubitus, that is now oozing and red. The wound team has been involved. His daughter wants information regarding his skin condition.
- Describe the phases of wound healing.
- What is resolution, regeneration and replacement?
- What is the significance of the oozing and discoloration?
- What factors impede the healing process and why?
A 65-year-old male presents with a painful left finger, he is unable to bend it and it is significantly swollen. He has a history of osteoarthritis.
- OA is a disease of articular cartilage and subchondral bone in diarthrodial joints. Explain this.
- What is the role of osteophytes in OA?
- How do NSAIDS affect OA?
- How does weight loss affect OA?
A 6-year-old male fell out of a tree and broke his left ulna.
- What is the significance of a growth plate?
- How is bone formed?
- What is the role of the following bone formation: hormones (GH + sex hormones), Ca2+, stress; low Ca2+ increases PTH.
- Compare and contrast the various types of fractures.
