Mrs. Marilyn Finch is planning on investing in stocks. She is considering three different types stocks, ChevRom, ExRom, and TexRom to choose from under two possible states, good and bad. As a result of favorable stock market conditions, there is a 0.7 probability of good and 0.3 probability of bad state. The table below indicates the profits and losses of investing in the following three stocks under the given states-good and bad.
Stocks
Good (0.7)
Bad (0.3)
ChevRom
$70,000
$10,000
ExRom
$95,000
-$35,000
TexRom
$40,000
$30,000
Set up a spreadsheet to find the best decision using:
Maximax.
Maximin.
Equal likely.
Expected value.
LongTailPublication.com, a small online publisher, is considering buying a firewall for its website. The cost of the firewall is $20,000. There is an 80% chance that the site will not be hacker attacked during the life of the firewall, a 12% chance of a minor attack occurring resulting in $24,000 in damage, and an 8% chance of a major attack occurring resulting in $140,000 in damage. Use Table below for analysis.
Compute the expected damage due to hacker attack.
Compare the expected damage and cost of firewall ($20,000) and recommend if to purchase firewall.
Would you recommend purchasing the firewall at cost of $10,000?
Discuss the risks involved with basing the decision strictly on expected cost.
Severity of Hack
Damage (X)
Probability P(X)
No Hack
0
0.80
Minor Hack
$24,000
0.12
Major Hack
$140,000
0.08
Raymond has to determine which stock he should invest in: stock A or stock B. The economic conditions good and poor, will determine the profit and loss from his investment. Construct an Excel spreadsheet to compute the expected value for each decision and select the best one.
Stocks
Good (0.65)
Bad (0.35)
Stock A
$12,000
-$3,000
Stock B
$3,300
$2,800
Maximax.
Maximin.
Equal likely.
Expected value.
What does the probability of “good” have to be to make the two decisions equally attractive with regards to expected value?
Sanford and sons are planning to invest in advertising to sell three of their products. There are three different outcomes: A sells the most, B sells the most, or C sells the most. Two possible states exist, good and bad. The table below indicates the profits and losses of investing in the advertising of the three products under given states-good and bad. Construct an Excel spreadsheet to answer the following:
Product
Good (0.6)
Bad (0.4)
A
$5.5 million
$0.5 million
B
$3.5 million
$2.5 million
C
$6.5 million
-$3.5 million
Determine which product they should invest in this year based on maximizing expected value.
Create a sensitivity graph comparing the different alternatives as the probability of Good changes.
Ferry Holmes has been thinking about starting his own independent gasoline station. Ferry’s problem is to decide how large his station should be. The annual returns will depend on both the size of the station and a number of marketing factors related to the oil industry and demand for gasoline. After a careful analysis, Ferry developed the following table:
Size of First Station
Good Market
Moderate Market
Poor Market
Small
$60,000
$20,000
$10,000
Medium
$80,000
$40,000
-$10,000
Large
$120,000
$30,000
-$30,000
Very Large
$250,000
$35,000
-$170,000
Probability
0.50
0.30
0.20
Set up a spreadsheet to find the best decision using:
Maximax.
Maximin.
Equally likely.
Expected value.
Minimax Regret.
Chapter 6 homework
The number of bottles of water sold in a machine each day is recorded below:
DAY
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
Bottles Sold
126
83
90
102
108
106
119
100
93
102
103
123
DAY
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
Bottles Sold
89
104
138
88
90
83
82
103
109
156
138
106
Using Excel, find the equation of best linear trend line that fits the data using Excel Regression function. Make sure to find the residuals output.
Use the trend line to make forecast for periods 25,26, and 27.
Observe the value of R-squared and interpret.
Using the values of residuals, find MAD.
An accountant at the firm Gober Anderson, Arthur believed that several traveling executives were submitting unusually high travel vouchers when they returned from business trips. Arthur took a sample of 300 vouchers submitted from the past year. Then he developed the following multiple regression equation relating expected travel cost (Cost) to number of days on the road (Days) and distance traveled (Distance) in miles:
Cost = $110.00 + $52.30 Days + $0.55 Distance
The coefficient of correlation computed was 0.74.
If Ken Lay returns from a 350-mile trip that took him out of town for 7 days, what is the expected amount he should claim as expenses (use the regression equation to predict this value)?
Ken submitted a reimbursement request for $1012. Based on model above, is this amount reasonable? Explain.
Should any other variables be included? Which ones? Why?
DART riders in Dallas, TX., is believed to be tied heavily to the number tourists visiting the city. It has changed over the years as the population in Dallas has fluctuated. During past 12 years, the following data have been obtained:
Develop a regression model, using year and number of tourists as independent variables. What is the regression equation to predict Ridership (Y)?
What is expected rider if 995 thousand tourists visit the city in year 13?
Explain the predicted riders if there are no tourists at all in year 13.
What are the coefficient of determination and Significant-F values? Interpret and discuss these values.
Consider the following data on demand (in 10,000) of bars of soap. The independent variables are Time Period (PERIOD), Price, Average Industry Price (AIP), and Advertising (in $1000). We are interested in building different models to forecast demand.
Using Excel, construct the correlation matrix and interpret (relation of all variables with demand). Rank variables based on degree of absolute values of correlation with Demand.
Using Excel linear regression analysis, find the Trend line to predict demand based on Time Period. Observe R-squared value and Significant F and interpret.
Construct multiple linear regression model using all independent variables to predict Demand (Y). Provide the equation and interpretation of R-squared, Significant-F.
Based on P-values of independent variables, rank the variables based on degree of contribution to the model. Hint: The lower the P-value, the higher the significance of a given variable.
Use the equation in part (c) to forecast demand for September 2023 if Price = $3.90, AIP = $4.25, and
ADV= $7.3.
Copy and paste the data below in an Excel file for analysis.
Month/Yr.
PERIOD
PRICE
AIP
ADV
DEMAND
March 2021
1
3.85
3.8
5.5
7.38
2
3.75
4
6.75
8.1
3
3.7
4.3
7.25
9.52
4
3.7
3.7
7.5
9.2
5
3.6
3.85
7
9.33
6
3.6
3.8
6.5
8.28
7
3.6
3.75
6.75
8.2
8
3.8
3.85
5.25
7.87
9
3.8
3.65
5.25
7.1
10
3.85
4
6
8
Jan. 2022
11
3.9
4.1
6.5
7.89
12
3.9
4
6.25
8.15
13
3.7
4.1
7
9.1
14
3.75
4.2
6.9
9.26
15
3.75
4.1
6.8
9.5
16
3.8
4.1
6.8
9.72
17
3.7
4.2
7.1
9.26
18
3.8
4.3
7
9
19
3.7
4.1
6.8
8.75
20
3.8
3.75
6.5
7.95
21
3.8
3.75
6.25
7.65
22
3.75
3.65
6
8.3
Jan. 2023
23
3.7
3.9
6.5
9.2
24
3.55
3.65
7
9.5
25
3.6
4.1
6.8
9.75
26
3.65
4.25
6.8
10.21
27
3.7
3.65
6.5
9.27
28
3.75
3.75
5.75
8.67
29
3.8
3.85
5.8
8.45
Aug. 2023
30
3.7
4.25
6.8
8.2
Sep. 2023
31
Chapter 7 homework
Using the data in following table,
Month
Sales
January
908
February
1235
March
804
April
1019
May
1151
June
1383
July
894
August
1255
September
1087
October
1382
November
957
December
1254
Compute a 3-month moving forecast of Sales from April through December and for the next month, January. Compute the MAD for the forecast.
Compute a 6-month moving forecast of Sales from July through December and for the next month, January. Compute the MAD for the forecast.
Compute a weighted 3-month moving forecast of Sales from April through December and for the next month, January, using weights of 0.50 (most recent data), 0.30, and 0.20 (most distant data). Compute the MAD for the forecast.
Compare the forecasts you computed by using moving forecast model from part a, b, and c. Which forecasting model does a better job?
Using the data from problem 1,
Compute an exponentially smoothed forecast with alpha= 0.20 through December and create a forecast for the next month, January. Use initial forecast of 908 for January. Find MAD.
Compute an exponentially smoothed forecast with alpha= 0.60 through December and create a forecast for the next month, January. Use initial forecast of 908 for January. Find MAD.
Compare the forecasts you computed by using an exponential smoothing model from part a and b. Which forecasting model does a better job?
Quarterly gas usage in MCF is shown below.
Season
Usage
Year
2020
2021
2022
Fall
1091
1071
1104
Winter
1138
1161
1146
Spring
966
912
903
Summer
831
830
825
What are the seasonal indices for the four seasons?
Use the seasonal indices to de-seasonalize the above values. (Hint: divide usage values by seasonal indices of respective quarters)
Passenger miles, in thousands flown, on Commuter Odessa Express Airlines, a commuter firm serving the Midland TX, are shown for the past 12 weeks.
Week
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
Miles Flown1000’s
14
25
13
22
16
18
25
18
23
22
17
26
Assuming forecast value of 14 for week 1, use Excel to find exponential forecasts miles for weeks 2 through 13 using alpha = 0.6. Calculate MAD for this model.
Redo part (a) using alpha = 0.90.
Which forecasting model is better? Why?
Attendance at Old-Time Spring, Bonnie and Clyde attraction, has been as follows:
Quarter
Attendees 1000’s
Spring ‘20
10.4
Summer ‘20
16.8
Fall ‘20
7.4
Winter ‘20
6.5
Spring ‘21
8.2
Summer ‘21
12.4
Fall ‘21
5.2
Winter ‘21
8.9
Spring ‘22
14.6
Summer ‘22
20.5
Fall ‘22
9.8
Winter ‘22
7.3
Compute seasonal indices for this data.
Find the de-seasonalized values and construct a linear graph of both data over time.
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