- What are the definitions of the following with respect to DNA mutations
- Point mutation
- Insertion
- Deletion
- Inversion
- Duplication
- Reversion
- Transition
- Transversion
- What are the definitions of the following DNA mutations with respect to the protein produced?
- Missense mutation
- Nonsense mutation
- Silent mutation
- Frame shift mutation
- Using the codon table below answer the following questions:
You have the following wild type coding gene sequence:
In numbers below represent the base number of the sequence.
| mutation | Gene sequence | Protein sequence | Type of mutation | Type of protein mutation |
| Wild type (wt) | ATG AAG CTA ATA TCG TAA GGG | wt | wt | |
| A4T (A at position 4 is a T) | ||||
| C inserted at position 4 | ||||
| A9T | ||||
| Delete bases 4-6 | ||||
| C14T |
- What is the difference between a spontaneous mutation and a mutation generated by a mutagen?
- What are the ways that DNA bases can become damages during normal cell processes?
- For each of the following DNA repair mechanisms, explain what is repaired, and how the repair mechanism works:
Repair replication errors:
Repair UV damage:
Replace damaged nitrogenous bases:
Repair DS DNA breaks (2 different ways)
- What is SOS repair and why is it induced? What is the advantage and disadvantage of this pathway?
- A suspected chemical mutagens (compound X and compound Y) are screened by the Ames test. Which should be considered mutagens? Explain your conclusion.
Note: These are Petri plates and the yellow dots represent colonies.
- What are 5 methods that bacteria use to transfer DNA BETWEEN cells? Briefly explain each.
- What are transposons? What are the basic elements that make up a transposon?
- Define:
- Homolog
- Paralog
- Ortholog
- What are genomic islands, and how can they be identified?
