1) GI medications are used to treat specific disorders of the GI system or to control certain signs and symptoms, such as ______________________, change in bowel habits, ________________________, gas, weight loss, nausea, vomiting, difficulty swallowing, loss of appetite, and blood or mucus in the feces. Timing of GI medication administration is important.
2) When _________________ slows, constipation or infrequent, hard stools can result. _______________________ are a class of medications that can help relieve constipation by promoting bowel movements. Laxatives can help diagnose GI disorders by cleansing the bowel to allow observation of the intestinal walls during examination. These medications should not be used for losing weight because they could lead to a dependency on them to have a ___________________________ and may also cause __________________________________________________.
3) List the 6 Different Laxatives your textbook mentions & one fact about each:
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4) The opposite of constipation is __________________. Diarrhea is a symptom not a disease. An example of an opioid-related antidiarrheal medication is ________________(Imodium) which is taken orally and is available over the counter (OTC), as well as by prescription. Another example is diphenoxylate with atropine (Lomotil), which comes in tablet form and is available only by prescription because of the addictive qualities of this drug. Side effects include dizziness, ______________, agitation, numbness, drowsiness, and _______________________.
5) Nausea, although an uncomfortable feeling that vomiting is imminent, is not dangerous. Sometimes nausea is caused by unusual smells, pregnancy hormones, or emptiness of the stomach. __________________, or vomiting, occurs when the patient ejects the contents of the stomach. _____________________ decrease nausea and vomiting and are also used to treat motion sickness. Examples of antiemetics include phenothiazines such as prochlorperazine (Compazine), antihistamines such as diphenhydramine (Benadryl) and meclizine (Antivert, Bonine), trimethobenzamide (Benzacot, Tigan, Ticon), cannabinoids, phosphorated carbohydrate solution (Emetrol), and 5-hydroxytryptamine-3 (5-HT3, serotonin) receptor antagonists such as ondansetron (Zofran).
6) You just ate a pizza and are now experiencing a burning sensation. This is referred to as __________________ and patient commonly take TUMS (an ___________________) to decrease the amount of hydrochloric acid in the stomach.
7) List the 6 medications that can be used to treat Peptic Ulcers:
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8) List 2 medications that can be used to treat obesity:
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9) Oral candidiasis, or ____________________, is a fungal infection of the mucous membranes of the mouth. Commonly, the only symptom is the presence of thick, white patches on the tongue and cheeks. These patches may extend into the esophagus and become painful and bleed if untreated. _______________ (Bio-Statin, Mycostatin, Nilstat) is the main drug used to treat thrush. It is available as a suspension or a troche (lozenge). Regardless of the form used, it should be kept in the mouth as long as possible to coat the affected area. ____________ should not be chewed or swallowed whole.
10) Most poisonings and drug overdoses are treated with _______________________. Charcoal attracts the toxin and __________________ the poison as it travels the length of the GI tract in most instances. The poison is then excreted in the stool. Always call poison control anywhere in the United States at 1-800-222-1222 to receive the most current recommendations before acting to prevent further injury to a patient.
11) Mouthwashes or mouth rinses are used to decrease ______________ (bad breath) or ______________________ (inflammation of the mouth).
12) In conclusion, the GI system consists of the alimentary canal, which is responsible for the four major functions of the digestive system:
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Source used: Watkins, Cynthia. (2022). Pharmacology Clear & Simple: A Guide to Drug Classifications and Dosage Calculations (4th ed.). Philadelphia, PA: FA Davis
this the name of my textbook.
Pharmacology clear & slmple.
A guide to Drug classifications and Dosage calulation Fourth Edition
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