Essay argument:
To what extent has international law been successful in addressing the legal issue of ____________?
| Type of Source | Research Notes | Chicago Bibliography Entry |
| Online book | This book challenges the traditional discourse and rhetoric around human trafficking and forced prostitution. Human trafficking and forced prostitution are international crimes that continue gaining more attention in domestic criminal justice as most of the victims are transported into western countries and are exploited in the countries in which they are transported. The main response to the situation was to treat the victims as criminals in the past. The first reason is the prostitutes being in the country illegally, and another reason is engaging in prostitution. The authors argue that the approach is unjust and has been unsuccessful over the years. The authors evaluate how the main perpetrators are the people who take the victims into custody. | Kempadoo, Kamala, Jyoti Sanghera, and Bandana Pattanaik. Trafficking and Prostitution Reconsidered: New Perspectives on Migration, Sex Work, and Human Rights. London: Routledge, 2015. https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/edit/10.4324/9781315636269/trafficking-prostitution-reconsidered-kamala-kempadoo-jyoti-sanghera-bandana-pattanaik |
| Article | Cho, Seo-young, Axel, and Eric link poverty to the involvement of children in prostitution with modern slavery and human trafficking.Most young women involved in prostitution may not know that it would lead to human trafficking. However, as they go about their duties as prostitutes, they may get huge offers to be prostitutes in other regions, which leads to them being transported far away from home unknowingly. After elaborating on prostitution and how prostitutes find themselves in unexplained situations, the article elaborates on how international law deals with human trafficking for prostitution. There is the availability of protocol that emphasizes the trafficking of individuals, especially for prostitution. The article provides that there needs to be an emphasis on implementing international laws so that there may be an end to prostitution trafficking. | Cho, Seo-Young, Axel Dreher, and Eric Neumayer. “Does Legalized Prostitution Increase Human Trafficking?” World Development 41 (2013): 67-82. Accessed March 29, 2022. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/281440120_Does_Legalized_Prostitution_Increase_Human_Trafficking |
| Article | The authors argue that the widespread exploitation of prostitution leads to the exploitation of trafficking and not prostitution itself. The authors provide that sexual exploitation may begin at an early age since children are always innocent. There are various examples of pro-prostitution and anti-prostitution policies in the article that support the argument. The lack of understanding of human trafficking by law enforcement agencies also arises from the agencies labeling all the victims of trafficking as prostitutes. The authors provide a need to have laws for the protection and assistance of trafficking victims. | Batsyukova, Svitlana. “Prostitution and Human Trafficking for Sexual Exploitation.” Gender Issues 24, no. 2 (2013): 46-50. Accessed March 29, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12147-007-9001-0 |
| Online Book | According to Kara, the trafficked sex slaves form the backbone of one of the world’s most profitable illicit businesses and generate huge profits for the exploiters. In the book, Kara provides a riveting account of the journey with people who had undergone sex trafficking. Kara suggests that international law needs to be set up to prevent and combat trafficking in persons, paying particular attention to women and children. There also needs to be further cooperation among state parties to meet the overall objectives of ending human trafficking. In the book, Kara describes the local and global economic factors that led to the rise of the kind of modern-day slavery. He also identifies the areas that would be hit by sex trafficking if the laws were implemented. | Kara, Siddharth. Sex Trafficking: Inside the Business of Modern Slavery. New York: Columbia University Press, 2017. https://www.amazon.com/Sex-Trafficking-Inside-Business-Slavery/dp/0231139616 |
| Article | United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime treaty and one of its supplementary Protocols: the Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and ChildrenThe first legally binding protocol with an agreed definitionIncluded action and measures to effectively prevent human trafficking specfically in women and childrenThere are different provisions to ensure general protection of one who may be traffickedState parties must establish these policies in order to ensure protectionsSome of these articles and provisions include Repatriation of victims of trafficking in persons, Assistance to and protection of victims of trafficking in persons, security and control of documents, Settlement of disputes, etc. | “Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in …” United Nations Human Rights. Accessed April 27, 2022. https://www.ohchr.org/en/instruments-mechanisms/instruments/protocol-prevent-suppress-and-punish-trafficking-persons. |
Thesis Statement Box
Essay Outline (Complete for the Essay Conference)
Instructions: After collecting, examining and organizing your research notes, complete this outline to help you write your essay. Use full sentences. **You must include a footnote for each proof.**
Introduction Paragraph
| Introduction Statement (“Hook”): |
| Connecting Sentence(s) – Guide the reader into your essay (i.e. Become more specific about the essay’s focus; state the topic of the essay): |
| Thesis (Argument): |
Section #1: The international legal issue (Why is this issue a major area of concern in international law?)
| Transitional Phrasing and Topic Sentence: (Introduce the topic of paragraph 1 with argumentative tone to support the central argument) |
| Transition Word and Point #1: |
| Proof #1: (**Remember to include a footnote) |
| Analysis (Explanation of the importance of the proof — “So What?”): |
| Transition Word and Point #2: |
| Proof #2: (**Remember to include a footnote) |
| Analysis (Explanation of the importance of the proof — “So What?”): |
| Transition Word and Point #3: |
| Proof #3: (**Remember to include a footnote) |
| Analysis (Explanation of the importance of the proof — “So What?”): |
| Concluding Sentence (link the paragraph back to your thesis): |
**You can add an additional body paragraph for this section.
Section #2: Actions taken thus far in international law (What is international law doing to address this issue? Have these efforts been effective or ineffective / successful or unsuccessful?)
| Transitional Phrasing and Topic Sentence: (Connect paragraph 1 to body paragraph 2 with argumentative tone to support the central argument) |
| Transition Word and Point #1: |
| Proof #1: (**Remember to include a footnote) |
| Analysis (Explanation of the importance of the proof — “So What?”): |
| Transition Word and Point #2: |
| Proof #2: (**Remember to include a footnote) |
| Analysis (Explanation of the importance of the proof — “So What?”): |
| Transition Word and Point #3: |
| Proof #3: (**Remember to include a footnote) |
| Analysis (Explanation of the importance of the proof — “So What?”): |
| Concluding Sentence (link the paragraph back to your thesis): |
**You can add an additional body paragraph for this section.
Section #3: New recommendations / solutions to address the issue (What still needs to be done under international law to deal with the issue? (OR) What more can be done under international law to deal with the issue?)
| Transitional Phrasing and Topic Sentence: (Connect paragraph 2 to body paragraph 3 with argumentative tone to support the central argument) |
| Transition Word and Point #1: |
| Proof #1: (**Remember to include a footnote) |
| Analysis (Explanation of the importance of the proof — “So What?”): |
| Transition Word and Point #2: |
| Proof #2: (**Remember to include a footnote) |
| Analysis (Explanation of the importance of the proof — “So What?”): |
| Transition Word and Point #3: |
| Proof #3: (**Remember to include a footnote) |
| Analysis (Explanation of the importance of the proof — “So What?”): |
| Concluding Sentence (link the paragraph back to your thesis): |
**You can add an additional body paragraph for this section.
Conclusion Paragraph
| Restated Thesis (reword your thesis): |
| 3 – 4 final thoughts on the topic: |
| “Clincher”: |
