Essay 2 (3000) words
‘Only because of Tito did Socialist Yugoslavia survive – without him it
was bound to collapse.’ Assess the validity of this statement?
John R. Lampe, Yugoslavia as history: twice there was a country (Cambridge:
Cambridge University Press, 2nd ed., 2000).
Catherine Baker, The Yugoslav Wars of the 1990s, Palgrave-MacMillan
Education, 2015
Allan Little & Laura Silber, The Death of Yugoslavia, Penguin/BBC, 1999.
Tim Judah, The Serbs: History, Myth and the Destruction of Yugoslavia, Yale
University Press (3rd edition), 2009.
Ramet, Sabrina P., The Three Yugoslavia’s: state-building and legitimation,
1918-2005, Indiana University Press, 2006
Style Sheet
There is a certain house ‘style’ which you need to follow for all written coursework for History modules here at DMU (remember – if you are a joint honours student there will most likely be a different style for the modules in the other half of your degree).
Most criteria for written assignments refer explicitly to ‘Adherence to Subject Conventions’, so you need to make sure you do the following:
- Write all work in font size 12
- Include the title of the work (e.g. Essay question, full book reference for book reviews) at the top of the first page
- Double-line space your work
- Leave a large margin (e.g. at least 2cm) around the edge of your written work – this can be done via ‘Page Setup’
- Include a word-count (e.g. the body of your text + text in your bibliography) at the start of the essay
- Include page numbers
- Include a bibliography (listing all other publications, websites etc used in the writing of the coursework) on a separate page at the end – see referencing advice for style on this
- Include footnotes (if you have made explicit reference to a section, quote etc of another work) – see referencing advice for style on this
- Make sure you put short quotations (less than 50 words) in speech marks (e.g. ‘example’)
- Make sure you put long quotations (more than 50 words) separate from the text and indented in from the left hand side:
A
long quotation such as this should be commenced on a new line (with a line gap)
and then written out in its entirety. You should normally use a smaller font
(in this case size 11) for long quotations. It should be indented from the left
hand side to make it stand out from the remainder of the text. You do not need
to put this quote in speech marks.
Referencing Template
It is important to get used to referencing correctly at an early stage of your degree. The following is one method of referencing in academic history which is widely accepted, although there are many variations between different historians/lecturers and often huge differences between academic disciplines. Referencing techniques in education or journalism, for instance, may be vastly different. For joint honours students, it is therefore important to ascertain the correct method of referencing for each subject area and to use the right method for the right subject.
- The large text on the rest of this page is how the reference should appear in your bibliography; the small text at the bottom (underneath the line) is how it should appear in your footnotes (NB – footnotes should normally be in font size 10, the rest of your text in size 12).
- Footnotes are used directly after the sentence or paragraph where you have referenced a particular work – not straight after a quote within a sentence.
- NB – in footnotes there are important differences (name order, details, page reference technique).
Books:
- Author’s name, Full Title of Book: Full Subtitle of Book, Place of publication: Publishers, Year of Publication
- E.g. Panayi, Panikos, The Enemy in Our Midst: Germans in Britain During the First World War, Oxford: Berg, 1991.[1]
Articles in edited books:
- Author’s name, ‘Title of Article’ in Editor of Volume’s last name, Editor of Volume’s first name, ed. or eds if multiple, Title of Volume, Place of publication: Publishers, Year of Publication
- E.g. Roseman, Mark, ‘National Socialism and Modernisation’, in Richard Bessel, ed., Fascist Italy Nazi Germany: Comparisons and Contrasts, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996.[2]
Journal Articles:
- Author’s name, ‘Title of Journal Article’, Journal Title, Volume Number, Year
- E.g. Hunt, Lynn ‘The World We Have Gained: The Future of the French Revolution’, American Historical Review, 108, 2003.[3]
Newspaper Articles:
- Title of Newspaper, Full date of publication
- E.g. The Times, 12 January 1985 or The Leicester Mercury, 30 July 1975
Website material:
- Author/editor (if known), ‘Title of Article (if known)’, www.fulladdressofwebsite.com, (Date accessed)
- E.g. Steven Kreis, ‘The Origins of the French Revolution’, http://www.historyguide.org/intellect/lecture11a.html, (Access: 11 January 2009)[4]
Films/TV programmes/Documentaries:
- Title of Film, (director of film, year)
- Chariots of Fire (dir. Hugh Hudson, 1981)[5]
OTHER INFORMATION
- If you have already provided a complete citation, you can then use a shorter reference when you refer to the same book/article again. For example, if you footnoted Panayi’s book again you can use a shortened footnote like this.[6] For Hunt’s journal article, this would be acceptable.[7]
- If you reference the same text again, and nothing else has been referenced in the meantime, you can make it even simpler by using this footnote.[8] ‘Ibid.’ simply means from the same place.
- At the very end of your written piece of work (whether it is a book review, essay etc (BUT OBVIOUSLY NOT IN EXAMS) you should have a Bibliography page, listing all the works you have cited in the main body of your essay in alphabetical order of author’s last name. Primary sources (such as newspapers) are listed first, then secondary sources (books, journal articles etc) second with websites listed last.
- For example, using the sources listed here, the following bibliography would be acceptable:
BIBLIOGRAPHY
PRIMARY SOURCES
Newspapers and periodicals:
The Leicester Mercury, The Times
Films:
Chariots of Fire (dir. Hugh Hudson, 1981)
SECONDARY SOURCES
- Hunt, Lynn, ‘The World We Have Gained: The Future of the French Revolution’, American Historical Review, 108, 2003.
- Panayi, Panikos, The Enemy in Our Midst: Germans in Britain During the First World War, Oxford: Berg, 1991.
- Roseman, Mark, ‘National Socialism and Modernisation’, in Bessel, Richard, ed., Fascist Italy, Nazi Germany, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996.
WEBSITES
- Kreis, Steven, ‘The Origins of the French Revolution’, http://www.historyguide.org/intellect/lecture11a.html, (First Visited: 11 January 2009)
Sources of extra help:
- A useful guide to referencing and footnote technique can be found in Arthur Marwick, The New Nature of History: Knowledge, Evidence and Language, Basingstoke: Palgrave MacMillan, 2001, pp. 283-6.
- DO NOT Google ‘referencing help’ etc as this will most likely bring up advice on how to reference in the ‘Harvard’ system (which is an author-date system used in many other disciplines, but not used in academic History). Likewise, most DMU library ‘referencing’ helpsheets will follow the Harvard model.
Essay 1
READING
Key texts
It is recommended, though by no means obligatory, that you purchase
at least two of these key texts:
John R. Lampe, Yugoslavia as history: twice there was a country (Cambridge:
Cambridge University Press, 2nd ed., 2000).
Charles Ingrao & Thomas Emmert’, Confronting the Yugoslav Controversies:
A Scholars’ Initiative, (Second Edition) Purdue University Press, 2012.
(the entire book can be downloaded free from: http://docs.lib.purdue.edu/
purduepress_ebooks/28/)
Catherine Baker, The Yugoslav Wars of the 1990s, Palgrave-MacMillan
Education, 2015
Allan Little & Laura Silber, The Death of Yugoslavia, Penguin/BBC, 1999.
Tim Judah, The Serbs: History, Myth and the Destruction of Yugoslavia, Yale
University Press (3rd edition), 2009.
Ramet, Sabrina P., The Three Yugoslavia’s: state-building and legitimation,
1918-2005, Indiana University Press, 2006
Secondary texts
Ahrens, Geert Hinrch, Diplomacy on the Edge, Wilson Centre Press, 2008.
Allcock, John B, Explaining Yugoslavia, Hurst & Co., London, 2000
Alexander, Stella, Church and State in Yugoslavia, Cambridge University
Press, 1979.
Andjelic N, Bosnia-Herzegovina: The end of a legacy, London: Frank Cass,
2003.
Batovic, Ante, The Croatian Spring, IB Tauris, London, 2016.
Banac, I, The national question in Yugoslavia: origins, history, politics, Cornell
U.P., 1984
Banac, I, With Stalin against Tito, Cornell U.P., 1987.
Becirevic, Edina, Genocide on the Drina River, Cambridge University Press,
Cambridge, 2016.
Bellamy, Alex J., The formation of Croatian national identity: a centuries-old
dream?, Manchester University Press, 2003
14
Belloni, Roberto, State building and international intervention in Bosnia,
Routledge, 2007.
Bennett, Christopher, Yugoslavia’s Bloody Collapse, Hurst & Co., London,
1995.
Bennett, Christopher, Bosnia’s Paralyzed Peace, Hurst & Co., London, 2016.
Bieber, Florian & Daskalovski, Zidas, Understanding the War in Kosovo,
Frank Cass, London, 2003.
Bieber, Florian, Post-war Bosnia: ethnicity, inequality and public sector
governance, Palgrave Macmillan, 2005
Brown, Keith, The past in question: modern Macedonia and the uncertainties
of nation, Princeton University Press, 2003
Bose, Sumantra, Bosnia after Dayton: nationalist partition and international
intervention, C. Hurst, 2002.
Boskovska, Nada, Yugoslavia and Macedonia before Tito: Between
Repression and Integration, IB Tauris, London, 2017.
Burg, Steven L & Shoup, Paul, The war in Bosnia-Herzegovina: ethnic conflict
and international intervention, M.E. Sharpe, 1999.
Campbell, Greg, The Road to Kosovo, Westview Press, Columbia, 2002.
Carmichael, Cathie, A Concise History of Bosnia, Cambridge University
Press, 2016.
Ceku Ethem, Kosovo and Diplomacy since World War Two: Yugoslavia,
Albania and the Path of Kosovan Independence, IB Tauris, London, 2015.
Clayer, Natalie & Bougarel, Xavier, Europe’s Balkan Muslims, Husrt & Co.,
London, 2017.
Cohen L., Serpent in the bosom: The rise and fall of Slobodan Milosevic.,
Westview Press., 2002.
Cohen, Lenard J, Broken bonds: the disintegration of Yugoslavia, Westview
Press, 1993
Cordell, Karl, Ethnicity and democratisation in the new Europe, Routledge,
1999.
Crnobrnja, Mihailo, The Yugoslav Drama, IB Tauris, London, 1996.
Daadler, Ivo, Getting to Dayton, Brookings Institute, Washington, 2000.
Dedijer, Vladimir, The Battle Stalin Lost, Spokesman Books, London, 1978.
Djilas, Aleksa, The Contested Country, Harvard University Press, 1996.
Djilas, Milovan, Wartime, Harcourt, Brace & Jovanovich, London, 1977.
Djilas, Milovan, Tito: the story from inside, Weidenfeld & Nicholson, 1981.
Djokic, Dejan, Yugoslavism : histories of a failed idea, 1918-1992, Hurst, 2003
Djokic, Dejan, Elusive Compromise: a history of interwar Yugoslavia, Hurst &
Co., London, 2007.
Djokic & Ker-Lindsay, New Perspectives on Yugoslavia, Routledge Press,
London, 2010.
15
Donia, Robert & Fine, John, Bosnia & Herzegovina: a tradition betrayed, Hurst
& Co., London, 1994.
Donia, Robert, Sarajevo: a biography, Hurst & Co., London, 2006.
Dyker, David A, Yugoslavia and after: a study in fragmentation, despair and
rebirth, Longman, 1996
Gallagher Tom, The Balkans after the cold war: From tyranny to tragedy,
Routledge, 2003
Gallagher, Tom, The Balkans in the new millennium: in the shadow of war and
peace, Routledge, 2005
Glaurdic, Josip, The Hour of Europe: Western Powers and the Break-up of
Yugoslavia, Yale University Press, 2011.
Glenny, Misha, The Fall of Yugoslavia, Penguin Books, London, 1993.
Glenny, Misha, The Balkans 1804 – 1999, Granta Books, London, 1999.
Gordy, Eric D, The culture of power in Serbia: nationalism and the destruction
of alternatives, Pennsylvania State University Press, 1999
Gow, James, The Serbian project and its adversaries: a strategy of war
crimes, C. Hurst, 2003.
Haug, Hilde Katrine, Creating a Socialist Yugoslavia: Tito, Communist
Leadership and the National Question, IB Tauris, London, 2015.
Hoare, Marko Attila, The History of Bosnia, Saqi Books, London, 2007.
Hockenos, Paul, Homeland calling: exile patriotism & the Balkan wars, Cornell
University Press, 2003
Ingrao, Charles & Emmert, Thomas, Confronting the Yugoslav Controversies:
A Scholars’ Initiative, Purdue University Press, West Lafayette, Indiana, 2012.
Jenne, Erin, The Paradox of Ethnic Partition: Lessons from De Facto Partition
in Bosnia and Kosovo in Regional and federal studies, 19(2), 2009, pages
273-289
Jelavich, B, History of the Balkans, C.U.P., 1983.
Jelavich, C, The establishment of the Balkan National States, 1804-1920,
Washington U.P., 1977
Jovic, Dejan, Yugoslavia: a state that withered away, Purdue Press, Indiana,
2008.
Judah, Tim, Kosovo: War and Revenge, Yale University Press, 2002.
Judah, Tim, Kosovo. What Everyone needs to know, OUP, 2009
Jukic, Ilija, The Fall of Yugoslavia, Harcourt, Brace & Jovanovich, London,
1974.
Lampe John R, Balkans into Southeastern Europe: A century of war and
transition, Palgrave Macmillan, 2005
Lampe, John R, Yugoslavia as history: twice there was a country, 2nd Edition,
Cambridge University Press, 2000.
Lydall, Harold, Yugoslav Socialism: theory and practice, Clarendon Press,
Oxford, 1986.
16
Kecmanovic, Dusan, Ethnic Times: exploring ethno-nationalism in the former
Yugoslavia, Praeger, London, 2002.
Ker-Lindsay, James, Kosovo: the path to contested statehood in the Balkans,
I. B. Tauris, 2009
Magas, Branka. The Destruction of Yugoslavia, Verso, London, 1993.
Magas, Branka & Zanic, Ivo, The War in Bosnia & Herzegovina, Frank Cass,
London, 2001.
Malcolm, Noel, Bosnia: a short history, MacMillan Press, London, 1994.
Malcolm, Noel, Kosovo; a short history, MacMillan Press, London, 1998.
Mandelbaum, Michael, The new European diasporas: national minorities and
conflict in Eastern Europe, Council on Foreign Relations Press.
McCormack, Robert B., America, the Ustase and Croatian Genocide in World
War Two, IB Tauris, London, 2017.
Meier, Viktor, Yugoslavia: a history of its demise, Routledge, London, 1999.
Mertus, Julie, The Suitcase: refugee voices from Croatia and Bosnia,
University of California Press, 1997.
Mitrovic, Andrej, Serbia’s Great War, Hurst & Co., London, 2007.
Morrison, Kenneth, Montenegro: A Modern History, I.B. Tauris, 2009.
Morrison, Kenneth & Roberts, Elizabeth, The Sandžak: A History, Hurst &
Co., London, 2013.
Morrison, Kenneth, ‘The Political Life of Milo Djukanovic’ in Southeast
European Politics, Munich 2009.
Morrison, Kenneth, ‘The Criminal-State Symbiosis and the Yugoslav Wars of
Succession’ in Colas & Mabee, Mercenaries, Pirates, Bandits and Empires:
Private Violence in the Historical Context, Hurst & Co., London, 2010.
Morrison, Kenneth, Change, Continuity and Consolidation: Assessing Five
Years of Montenegro’s Independence, LSEE Papers on South East Europe
(London School of Economics and Political Science) 2011.
Morrison, Kenneth, ‘Montenegro: A Polity in Flux 1989 – 2000’ in Ingrao &
Emmert, Confronting the Yugoslav Controversies: A Scholars’ Initiative,
Purdue University Press, West Lafayette, Indiana, 2012.
Morrison, Kenneth, Sarajevo’s Holiday Inn: On the Frontline of Politics and
War, Palgrave MacMillan, London, 2016.
Morrison, Kenneth, Nationalism, Statehood and Identity in Post-Yugoslav
Montenegro, Bloomsbury Books, London, 2018.
Mujanovic, Jasmin, The Hunger and the Fury, Hurst & Co, London, 2017.
Oliver, Ian, War and Peace in the Balkans, IB Tauris, London, 2005.
Pavlowitch Stevan K, A history of the Balkans, 1804-1945
Pavlowitch, Stevan K, Hitler’s New Disorder, Hurst & Co., London, 2008.
Petrovich, Micheal Boro, A History of Modern Serbia 1904-1918, Harcourt,
Brace & Jovanovich, London, 1976.
17
Phillips, John, Macedonia: warlords and rebels in the Balkans, I. B. Tauris,
2004
Pinson, Mark, The Muslims of Bosnia & Herzegovina, Harvard University
Press, 1996.
Pridham, Geoffrey, Gallagher, Tom, Experimenting with democracy: regime
change in the Balkans, Routledge in association with the Centre for
Mediterranean Studies, University of Bristol, 2000
Ramet, Sabrina Petra, Nationalism and federalism in Yugoslavia, 1962-1991,
2nd Edition, Indiana U.P., 1992
Ramet, Sabrina Petra, Beyond Yugoslavia: politics, economics, and culture in
a shattered community, Westview Press, 1995
Ramet, Sabrina Petra, Balkan Babel: The disintegration of Yugoslavia,
Westview Press, 2002.
Redzic, Enver, Bosnia and Herzegovina in the Second World War, Cass
Military Studies Series, London, 2005.
Roberts, Elizabeth, Realm of the Black Mountain: a history of Montenegro,
Hurst & Company, 2007
Russinow, Dennison, The Yugoslav Experiment 1948-74, Hurst & Co.,
London, 1977.
Schwanner-Sievers, Stephanie & Fischer, Berndt, Albanian identities, Hurst &
Co., London, 2002.
Singleton, Fred, Twentieth Century Yugoslavia, MacMillan, London, 1976.
Sudetic, Chuck, Blood and Vengeance, Penguin Books, London, 1999.
Tanner, Marcus, Croatia: A Nation Forged in War, YA
Thomas, Robert, Serbia under Milosevic, Hurst & Co., London, 1999.
Thomson, Mark, A Paper House: the ending of Yugoslavia, Vintage Books,
London, 1992.
Thomson, Mark, Forging War, Article 19, London, 1994.
Ulam, Adam, Titoism and the Cominform, Harvard University Press, 1952.
Unkovski-Korica, Vladimir, The Economic Struggle for Power in Tito’s
Yugoslavia: From World War Two to Non-Alignment, IB Tauris, London, 2016.
Veremis, Thanos, A Modern History of the Balkans: Nationalism and Identity
in Southeast Europe, IB Tauris, London, 2017.
Vickers, Miranda, Between Serb and Albanian: a history of Kosovo, Hurst &
Co., 1998.
Vladisavljevic, Nebojsa, Serbia’s antibureaucratic revolution: Milosevic, the fall
of communism and nationalist mobilization, Palgrave Macmillan, 2008
Wilson, Duncan, Tito’s Yugoslavia, Cambridge University Press, London,
1979.
Woodward, Susan L., Balkan tragedy: chaos and dissolution after the Cold
War,
Brookings Institution, 1995
[1] Panikos Panayi, The Enemy in Our Midst: Germans in Britain During the First World War (Oxford: Berg, 1991).
[2] Mark Roseman, ‘National Socialism and Modernisation’, in Richard Bessel, ed, Fascist Italy Nazi Germany: Comparisons and Contrasts (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996), pp. 10, 56.
[3] Lynn Hunt, ‘The World We Have Gained: The Future of the French Revolution’, American Historical Review, vol. 108 (2003), pp. 16-20.
[4] Steven Kreis, ‘The Origins of the French Revolution’, http://www.historyguide.org/intellect/lecture11a.html, (Accessed: 11 January 2009)
[5] Chariots of Fire (dir. Hugh Hudson, 1981)
[6] Panayi, Enemy, p. 17.
[7] Hunt, ‘The World’, p. 56.
[8] Ibid. p. 16.
