1. The respiratory tract is the most common portal of entry for infectious agents.
A) True
B) False
2. The respiratory tract has no normal biota.
A) True
B) False
3. The mucociliary blanket in the respiratory tract is found at the alveolar ducts and sacs of the lungs
- True
- False
4. Pandemic influenza, according to the WHO, is
A) preventable by vaccinations.
B) likely to be isolated to developing countries.
C) recurrent.
D) all of the above
5.”Droplet nuclei” are implicated in the transmission of which of the following pathogens?
a.Mycobacterium tuberculosis
b.Staphylococcus aureus
c.Human papilloma virus
d.Neisseria gonorrhoeae
6. An infectious disease in which transmission can occur during the
incubation period of the disease is considered to be:
a.acute
b.chronic
c.inapparent
d.communicable
7.Gram staining is a specific staining procedure associated with:
a.the plasma membrane
b.DNA
c.the cell wall
d.flagella
8. What method can be used to diagnose tuberculosis?
A) positive skin test
B) chest X rays
C) acid-fast staining
D) all of the above
9. The U.S. Public Health Service has listed six infectious diseases as “Category A” — in their possible use as bioterrorism agents. These diseases include:
A) tularemia, pulmonary anthrax, pneumonic plague
B) tuberculosis, Legionella pneumonia, histoplasmosis
C) anthrax, diphtheria, SARS
D) Hantavirus, tuberculosis, HIV
10. Prevention of nosocomial pneumonias include methods such as
A) elevating patients’ heads to a 45 degree angle.
B) shallow breathing exercises.
C) use of antitussive drugs to reduce cough.
D) all of the above
11. The difficulties of maintaining a long-term immune response to influenza viruses are due to
A) the nature of a ssRNA virus.
B) antibody drift from avian flus.
C) the lipid envelope being host-specific.
D) antigenic shift from zoonotic sources.
12. A”False positive” test is one which
A) detects presence of an organism when the organism in question is not there.
B) does not detect an organism when the organism is present.
C) may detect a related species rather than the organism of interest.
D) A and C are correct
13. A “false negative” test is one which
A) detects presence of an organism when the organism in question is not there.
B) does not detect an organism when the organism is present.
C) may detect a related species rather than the organism of interest.
D) A and C are correct
14. The greatest concentration of microorganisms in the gastrointestinal tract are found
A) in the stomach.
B) on the teeth.
C) in the small intestine.
D) in the large intestine
15. Which of the following immunological defenses is common to the oral cavity, the upper GI tract, and the lower GI tract?
A) IgA
B) lysozyme
C) low pH
D) bile
16. The gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) consists of all the following EXCEPT
A) tonsils & adenoids.
B) Peyer’s patches.
C) appendix.
D) gallbladder.
17. “Food poisoning” should be suspected with persons who shared food within the previous 1-6 hours, and share the signs and symptoms of nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Typically, this is due to
A) infection.
B) emetics.
C) intoxication.
D) inebriation.
18. Identify the hepatitis that can lead to cancer.
A) hepatitis A
B) hepatitis B
C) hepatitis D
D) hepatitis E
19. . The stomach is sterile and has no normal flora.
A) True
B) False
20. Endospores are usually induced to form when:
a.radiation is detected
b.temperatures rise
c.cell division is occurring
d.water is lost from the cell
21. Antibiotic resistance has increasingly become a problem with which of the following
organisms?
a.Escherichia coli
b.Treponema pallidum
c.Clostridium botulinum
d.Staphylococcus aureus
22. Transmission of helminthic diseases to humans is usually by:
a.respiratory tract
b.arthropod vectors
c.gastrointestinal tract
d.reproductive tract
23. Salmonella and Campylobacter are associated with:
a.respiratory infections
b.skin infections
c.food-bourne illness
d.sexually transmitted infections
24. How is Hepatitis B transmitted?
a.blood-body fluid contact
b.airborne exposure
c.insect vector
d.fecal-oral route
25. Eosinophilia is a hallmark of helminth infection.
A) True
B) False
26. Diarrhea containing blood and mucus is also called dysentery.
A) True
B) False
27. All E.coli variants cause disease.
A) True
B) False
28. Identify the structure associated with both the urinary system and the reproductive system in males.
A) kidney
B) ureter
C) bladder
D) urethra
29. Urine exhibits antimicrobial action by
A) flushing out the system.
B) the presence of lysozyme.
C) the presence of lactoferrin.
D) all of the above.
30. Urinary tract infections (UTIs) include all the following conditions EXCEPT
A) vaginitis.
B) cystitis.
C) pyelonephritis.
D) urethritis.
31. The most common culprit in urinary tract infections is
A) Candida albicans
B) Escherichia coli
C) Chlamydia trachomatis
D) Neisseria gonorrhea
32. The herpesvirus family includes HSV-1, HSV-2, herpes zoster, and
A) HIV.
B) HPV.
C) Epstein-Barr virus.
D) all of the above.
33. Some viruses, such as Herpes Simplex Type I, can infect a cell
without causing symptoms; these are called:
a.latent viruses
b.bacteriophages
c.enveloped viruses
d.pathogenic viruses
34.The most common site for nosocomial infections is in the:
a.blood
b.respiratory tract
c.digestive tract
d.urinary tract
35. A nosocomial infection is:
a.always present but inapparent at the time of hospitilation
b.only a result of surgery
c.always acquired by medical personnel
d.acquired during the course of hospitilation
36. What is the most effective way to prevent the spread of nosocomial
infections?
a.bathing the patient daily
b.placing the patient on multiple antibiotics
c.recapping used needles
d.healthcare personnel washing hands
37. A Pap smear is a test for
A) syphilis.
B) genital warts.
C) chlamydia.
D) cervical cancer
38. The bladder has no normal flora.
A) True
B) False
39. Congenital syphilis is an infection in which the bacterium passes from a mother to the infant through breast milk.
A) True
B) False
40. Untreated vaginosis can lead to severe complications such as pelvic inflammatory disease and infertility.
A) True
B) False
.
