So in general you should be studying all the slides and readings of the chapters/lessons since the last exam. The exam is split up into multiple choice (the most points), plant identification, short answer, and some word matching questions. For the limu watching the video again might help, as well as doing the reading. It may also help to watch the supplementary kapa and cordage videos too (helps to remember things when you watch the processes of making each). These are not the exact questions on the test, but if you take the time to answer these questions thoroughly you should be able to do well on the test. Good luck and happy studying!
Isabella Abbott and Limu Video –
Aloha Authentic – Interview with Dalani Tanahy (Kapa video) – https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8Y9Je5HwiRI&t=671s
Great Big Story: The Art of Hawaiian Bark Cloth –
Other Food Plants
- You should be able to identify from pictures all the food plants discussed in this section and name them by their Hawaiian name.
- What are the traditional foods that Hawaiians would commonly make using coconuts?
- What are some of the non-food uses of coconuts?
- What are the two main types of niu?
- What is the legend of Sina about? According to this legend where did the first coconut come from?
- What god is associated with ‘ulu and why?
- ‘Ulu was a secondary starch here in Hawai‘i, what cultures mentioned in class held ‘ulu as some of their most important crops?
- How was ‘ulu often eaten in Hawaiʻi and other parts of the Pacific?
- What are some non-food used of ‘ulu?
- What are “’ulu belts?” Where would you typically find these types of places?
- What people and gods were associated with mai‘a?
- What are the three main groups of Hawiian mai‘a mentioned in class? What are the main characteristics of each?
- What are some of the important non-food uses of maiʻa in Hawaiʻi?
- What are the three different species of true yams that the Hawaiians brought with them and what were they used for? (Do not need to know the scientific names)
- What Polynesian group are yams especially important to?
- How was kō traditionally used in Hawaiʻi? How was it typically propagated?
- What was kī traditionally used for? How was it typically propagated?
- What is ʻōkolehao? What is it made from?
- What is ‘awa? What purpose does it hold? What part of the ‘awa plant is typically?
- How is ʻawa propogated? Why is it propagated that way?
- What is pia? What part of the plant is harvested? How is it used?
- Hala is a famine food in Hawai‘i, but what culture in the Pacific bred hala not only for their leaves but their fruits as well? What is the fruit of the hala called in Hawaiian?
- Besides being eaten, how was hala often used in Hawaiʻi and Sāmoa?
- What makes ʻape different than kalo? Even though ‘ape is not as generally desirable as kalo, what are some positive characteristics of this plant?
- What are ʻōhiʻa ʻai? What is typically eaten from this plant?
- What is the Hawaiian dish ʻinamona? What is it made out of?
- ‘Ōhelo is one of the few native foods in Hawai‘i. What parts are used? What god(s) is this plant associated with?
- What are ‘ākala plants? What part of the plant would be eaten?
- What part of the hāpuʻu fern would be eaten as a famine food?
Limu
- What are limu?
- How were limu traditionally prepared for eating in Hawai‘i?
- What limu is associated with the ho‘oponopono ceremony?
- What are some of the most desirable (favored limu) of the Hawaiian people? Discussed in video, lesson and reading)
- Who were the primary gatherers of limu in old Hawai‘i?
- How was limu use/culture in Hawaiʻi different compared to other parts of the Pacific?
- What does wāwae‘iole mean? What kind of limu is it?
- Why are there less limu today than in past times (refer to slides especially)
- Be able to identify and explain the primary uses/important features of the following Hawaiian algae
- Limu Kohu
- Limu Lipoa
- Limu ‘Eleʻele
- Limu Pālahalaha
- Limu Kala
- Limu Manauea
- Limu Wāwaeʻiole
- Why are invasive limu a big problem here in Hawaiʻi? (refer to the video especially)
Kapa
- What is kapa?
- What is wauke? How is wauke prepared to make kapa?
- What are features of Hawaiian kapa that make it different from tapa around the Pacific?
- What are the main types of Hawaiian clothing that would be made from kapa? Be able to identify said types of clothing and who would typically wear them.
- What was kapa used for besides clothing?
- What other plants besides wauke were sometimes used to make kapa in Hawaiʻi?
- Why is it important for kapa to be fermented?
- What makes the first and second beating of kapa different from each other?
- In traditional Hawaiian society, who made the tools to make kapa?
- What are kua and how were they used to make kapa? What kinds of woods would be used to make the kua?
- Hohoa and iʻe kuku are types of kapa beaters. What kinds of woods would these tools be made of. How were each type of beater used and at what stages? You should be able to differentiate one from the other.
- What is a niho ‘oki? How is it used to make kapa?
- What are ‘ohe kāpala? What part of the kapa making process are they used for? What materials were they typically made of?
- What is kapa called in Sāmoa? In Fiji? What are some defining traits of kapa from those places of the world?
- What are the main dye plants discussed in class? What colors do they make? i.e. ‘Ukiʻuki berries are used to make a purplish-blue dye.
- What plants discussed in class were traditionally used to scent kapa?
- When did kapa start to become more elaborate and complex in Hawaiʻi?
Cordage
- How does cordage that is hilo-ed different from cordage that is hili-ed?
- What is retting? How was it used to make cordage?
- What are kōkō? What kind of cordage were they typically made of? What were they used for?
- What is aho? What kind of cordage would be best suited for making aho?
- What is olonā? What makes this plant superior/different to other cordage plants? How was this kind of cordage used?
- What is niu cordage called in Hawaiian? What was it primarily used for? Why is niu cordage important to take out the “lepo” from the main fibers?
- What is hau? Why was it a common everyday cordage? What part of the hau tree was used for cordage? How was hau cordage typically used?
- What part of the ‘uki‘uki plant was used to make cordage? What was this type of cordage primarily used for?
- What part of the ‘ieʻie vine was used for cordage? What was this type of cordage often used for?
- Who would mostly make cordage in traditional Hawaiian society?
- Cordage that was not meant to last very long was very common, what are the examples of more temporary types of cordage? i.e. Hala root cordage, ‘ahu‘awa, etc.
Household furnishings
- What part of the hala tree is most commonly used to make household goods? What types of Hawaiian household items were traditionally made with hala?
- How is hala processed before using?
- What is the hinano blossom? Why is it special? What would it be used to make?
- What is a peʻahi? What type of plant material would it be made from in Hawaiʻi?
- What is an ‘ie Toga? Why is it special? What culture does it belong to?
- ‘Akaʻakai and makaloa are both sedges used to make what type of household item in Hawaiʻi? What type of mat was MOST prized in Hawaiian culture due to its refinement and the time it took to make?
- What are hīnaʻi? What kinds of plant materials could be used for make hīnaʻi?
- What type of material was often used to cover and protect gourds?
- What are pahi? What would pahi be traditionally made of in Hawaiʻi?
- What two types of oily nuts were used by Hawaiians for lighting/lamps?
- What is the general term for bowls in Hawaiian?
- What kinds of wood were most often used for bowls in Hawai’i? Which would was the most favored for this purpose?
- How were Hawaiian bowls and other woodworking often fixed/patched?
- What is the Hawaiian word for an ‘awa bowl? How does it differ from other bowls in the pacific?
- How were bowls/gourds often repaired in Hawai‘i?
- What is an ‘ipu? What are some of the uses of ‘ipu?
- What is an ‘apu? What material are ‘apu made from?
