1. A child does almost everything with her mother and seems extremely anxious at school, getting frequent stomachaches and wanting to go home. If the child has an anxiety disorder, it is MOST likely:
a. agoraphobia.
b. dependent personality disorder.
c. separation anxiety disorder.
d. bipolar disorder.
2. A child does well in some school subjects. However, he can only read slowly, one word at a time. He must direct his gaze with his index finger. Even with great effort, he makes many errors and has poor comprehension. This is a description of:
a. dyslexia.
b. aphasia.
c. echolalia.
d. word blindness.
3. A child will not obey his mother. When threatened with punishment, he swears, throws things, and threatens to break everything in the house. His outbreaks seem to be restricted to his parents, but he is almost completely unmanageable. This is an example of:
a. conduct disorder.
b. juvenile delinquency.
c. childhood schizophrenia.
d. oppositional defiant disorder.
4. A child has autism spectrum disorder and does not like much variation in his life. He puts his toys on a shelf in a particular order and throws a tantrum if his mother moves any of them. Any one of several trivial changes in his daily routine can set him off. This is an example of:
a. a perseveration of sameness.
b. a self-stimulatory behavior.
c. stimulus over selectivity.
d. overstimulation.
5. A woman is in a facility for those with intellectual developmental disorder. She has her own apartment, dresses herself, and goes to the dining room, where she orders breakfast off a menu. She then goes to work in a sheltered workshop. At the end of the day, she goes home to her apartment and gets ready for dinner. This arrangement is part of:
a. deinstitutionalization.
b. a normalization program.
c. special education.
d. mainstreaming.
6. “What should I look for in an effective ADHD treatment program?” Your BEST answer among the following alternatives is:
a. “Psychodynamic therapy works best, with or without drugs.”
b. “Drugs work best.”
c. “Cognitive therapy outperforms even Ritalin.”
d. “Drugs combined with behavior therapy work best.”
7. Joey has been wetting his bed since he was a baby. He is 10 years old now. As a result, he will not stay over at his friend’s house or go to camp. His condition is called:
a. conduct disorder.
b. noctural emission.
c. encopresis.
d. enuresis.
8. In poor inner-city neighborhoods, children sometimes eat paint that is flaking off walls. This can sometimes lead to intellectual developmental disorder due to:
a. lead poisoning.
b.encephalitis.
c. microcephaly.
d. meningitis.
9. A person who has difficulty with interpersonal interactions but is otherwise high functioning and would have been diagnosed with Asperger’s disorder in the past, will now, in DSM-5, be diagnosed with:
a. Autism spectrum disorder.
b. no disorder.
c. Social communications disorder.
d. Asperger’s disorder; nothing has changed.
10. Which of the following is a qualified criminal justice professor MOST likely to say?
a. “The crimes that juvenile boys and girls commit are different.”
b. “The rate of crime among juveniles is almost evenly split between boys and girls.”
c. “Fortunately, the overall rate of juvenile crime is declining.”
d. “Children are not labeled as delinquent until they reach the age of 13.”
11. The child MOST likely to show the first symptom of autistim spectrum disorder would be a:
a. boy under 3 years old.
b. boy over 5 years old.
c. girl over 5 years old.
d. girl under 3 years old.
12. Behavioral and somatic symptoms rather than cognitive ones, such as clinginess, sleep difficulties, and stomach pain are MORE characteristic of anxiety disorders:
a. in children rather than in adults.
b. in children of former generations rather than of the present generation.
c. that are appropriately treated by psychotropic medications.
d. in adolescents rather than in children.
13. The National Institute of Mental Health study known as TADS (Treatment for Adolescents with Depression Study), about treatment for adolescent depression, produced three major surprises. Which of the following is NOT true about the study’s findings?
a. The danger to adolescents from antidepressants has been overemphasized and is not that significant.
b. Cognitive-behavioral therapy alone is not much better than a placebo treatment.
c. Antidepressant medication alone is better than cognitive-behavioral therapy alone.
d. A combination of antidepressant medication and cognitive-behavioral therapy was most effective.
14. Conduct disorder has MOST often been associated with:
a. poverty.
b. troubled parent-child relationships.
c. genetic or hormonal predisposition.
d. a history of child abuse.
15. All of the following are goals of early detection and prevention programs for child abuse EXCEPT:
a. teaching children how to escape abuse.
b. helping children to discover their role in causing the abuse.
c. assuring children that the abuse is not their fault.
d. encouraging children to tell someone when they are being abused.
16. Anoxia, one possible source of intellectual developmental disorder, involves brain damage resulting from:
a. lack of oxygen during or after delivery.
b. poisoning from pesticides or fertilizer nitrates.
c. ingestion of lead-based paint.
d. seizures induced by inhalants or automobile exhaust fumes.
17. Isabelle is born into a very poor family. Both parents have below-average IQs and are barely able to support and provide for themselves. Isabelle’s nutrition and health care have never been very good. She is at risk for:
a. severe intellectual developmental disorder.
b. mild intellectual developmental disorder.
c. autistic disorder.
d. attention-deficit disorder.
18. Critics believe that bipolar disorder has become a catch-all diagnosis for children who display uncontrolled rage. DSM-5 addressed this concern by:
a. creating a new disorder, called disruptive mood dysregulation.
b. not allowing a diagnosis of a bipolar disorder until children reach age 18.
c. eliminating uncontrolled rage as a symptom of bipolar disorder.
d. dividing bipolar disorder into two categories, one with and one without rage.
19. A child has repeatedly engaged in shoplifting and in hitting neighborhood pets with rocks. The child frequently is aggressive and has engaged in an increasing number of fights. The MOST appropriate diagnosis for this child is:
a. attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).
b. conduct disorder.
c. oppositional defiant disorder.
d. antisocial personality disorder.
20. Recent work has revealed that the MOST effective treatment for autism spectrum disorder has been the use of:
a. educational therapy.
b. cognitive-behavioral therapy.
c. psychodynamic-humanistic therapy.
d. drug therapy.
Chapter 15
21. An 80-year-old hospitalized individual is recovering from surgery but now has gotten an infection. Over the course of a few days, the person shows increasing confusion and consistently misinterprets what others are trying to communicate. The MOST probable diagnosis for this condition would be:
a. dementia.
b. substance abuse.
c. delirium.
d. schizophrenia.
22. Lisa Mosconi and her associates administered PET scans to research participants to measure activity in the hippocampus. They found that participants with low hippocampus activity were more likely to develop neurocognitive disorders later in life. How accurate were their predictions?
a. over 80 percent accurate for mild neurocognitive impairment, and nearly 100 percent accurate for major neurocognitive impairment
b. about 90 percent for both mild and major neurocognitive impairment
c. over 70 percent accurate for mild neurocognitive impairment, and over 80 percent accurate for major neurocognitive impairment
d. about 60 percent for both mild and major neurocognitive impairment
23. An individual with Alzheimer’s disease is able to function independently. The MOST appropriate label for this person’s condition is:
a. major delirium.
b. mild delirium.
c. major neurocognitive disorder.
d. mild neurocognitive disorder.
24. A person with Alzheimer’s disease is taking a drug designed to affect acetylcholine and glutamate and may experience:
a. improvement in ability to cope under pressure, but not in short-term memory.
b. improvement both in short-term memory, and in ability to cope under pressure.
c. improvement in short-term memory, but not in ability to cope under pressure.
d. neither improvement in short-term memory, nor in ability to cope under pressure.
25. The sleep disorder in which a person’s own sleep-wake pattern is mismatched with the sleep-wake schedule of most other people is:
a. circadian rhythm sleep disorder.
b. narcolepsy.
c. hypersomnia.
d. insomnia.
26. In most cases, when can Alzheimer’s disease be diagnosed with certainty?
a. when specific EEG changes occur
b. after death
c. six to twelve months after the onset of symptoms
d. when the body starts producing more of the hormone cortisol
27. Among the “oldest old,” those who are over 95 years of age, the MOST common concern is:
a. feeling envious of friends who are in their 80s because they are in better health.
b. a fear of losing mental abilities.
c. a fear of dying.
d. experiencing thinking that is a lot “fuzzier” than it used to be.
28. Which sleep disorder, which is more common among older adults than younger ones, is particularly problematic to elderly people because of the contribution of medical ailments, pain, taking medication, and struggling with stress or depression?
a. narcolepsy
b. insomnia
c. sleep apnea
d. sleepwalking
29. A particular problem found MORE often in the elderly that is related to substance abuse is:
a. misuse of prescription drugs.
b. alcoholism.
c. use of detoxification.
d. drinking in reaction to negative life events.
30. Compared to individuals over 75 living at home with assistance, similar individuals living in nursing homes are almost twice as likely to experience delirium, providing evidence that:
a. experiencing delirium causes one to be put in a nursing home by one’s family.
b. experiencing delirium is positively correlated with living in a nursing home.
c. living at home with assistance prevents the onset of delirium
d. living in a nursing home causes delirium.
31. What does the research show that nursing homes should do in order to meet the emotional needs of their patients?
a. They should do essentially nothing; emotional needs deteriorate long before nursing home care is necessary.
b. They should use therapy that emphasizes group activities, like bingo or one-act plays.
c. They should let patients do what they want to do, so long as it’s not harmful or disruptive.
d. They should establish standardized, easily quantifiable cognitive goals for all their patients.
32. “Exercise helps people deal with many physical disorders; does it help with Alzheimer’s disease?” your friend asks. Your MOST accurate reply would be:
a. “Yes; exercise helps both prevent and treat Alzheimer’s disease.”
b. “Sort of; exercise helps treat Alzheimer’s disease, but doesn’t help prevent it.”
c. “Sort of; exercise helps prevent Alzheimer’s disease, but doesn’t help treat it.”
d. “Not really; exercise is not much help in treating or preventing Alzheimer’s disease.”
33. If you do things during your life that promote physical and psychological well-being,
a. preventative approach
b. medical approach
c. conditional approach
d. health-maintenance approach
34. Which of the following would be at GREATEST risk for depression?
a. an older woman in a nursing home
b. an older man in a nursing home
c. an older man living alone
d. an older woman living alone
35. Clinicians currently believe that the increase in this disorder among the elderly may be related to deficiencies in hearing, social isolation, greater stress, or heightened poverty experienced by older adults.
a. generalized anxiety disorder
b. delusional disorder
c. schizophrenia
d. alcohol dependence
36. Which of the following illnesses is least likely to develop in later life?
a. generalized anxiety disorder
b. schizophrenia
c. depression
d. Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease
37. Failure to diagnose _______ may contribute to a high rate of death for older people with the disorder.
a. delirium
b. dementia
c. depression
d. head injuries
38. A particular problem found MORE often in the elderly that is related to substance abuse is:
a. alcoholism.
b. use of detoxification.
c. drinking in reaction to negative life events.
d. misuse of prescription drugs.
39. The ________ explanation or theory for Alzheimer’s disease is linked to the resemblance of Alzheimer’s disease to Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease.
a. viral
b. genetic
c. toxicity
d. autoimmune
40. What does the research show that nursing homes should do in order to meet the emotional needs of their patients?
a. They should use therapy that emphasizes group activities, like bingo or one-act plays.
b. They should do essentially nothing; emotional needs deteriorate long before nursing home care is necessary.
c. They should let patients do what they want to do, so long as it’s not harmful or disruptive.
d. They should establish standardized, easily quantifiable cognitive goals for all their patients.
Chapter 16
41. Which was NOT mentioned as a criticism of civil commitments?
a. Civil commitments are unlawful under the U.S. Constitution.
b. The legal definitions of “mental illness” and “dangerousness” are vague.
c. Assessing “dangerous” is difficult.
d. People committed involuntarily may not respond well to therapy.
42. Malpractice claims have been made against clinicians in response to all but which of the following circumstances?
a. improper termination of treatment
b. providing therapy that did not result in improvement
c. sexual activity with a patient
d. a patient’s attempted suicide
43. Which of the following guidelines is NOT included in the American Psychological Association Code of Ethics?
a. Psychologists may not conduct fraudulent research.
b. Psychologists may not offer advice on television and radio.
c. Psychologists may not take sexual advantages with their clients and students.
d. Psychologists must adhere to the principle of confidentiality in all cases, with no exceptions.
44. The intersections between the mental health field and the legal and judicial systems are referred to as:
a. criminology.
b. forensic science.
c. criminal psychology.
d. forensic psychology.
45. The most often heard criticism of the insanity defense is:
a. people have free will and thus can resist the urge to commit violence.
b. it allows dangerous criminals to escape punishment.
c. clinicians disagree over the definition of legal insanity.
d. the jury has to weigh the claims of opposing experts
46. Which defense allows the consideration of a defendant’s mental dysfunction as an extenuating circumstance that may lead to conviction of a lesser crime?
a. guilty but insane
b. guilty but mentally ill
c. guilty with diminished capacity
d. not guilty by reason of insanity
47. About what percentage of defendants plead insanity?
a. 20%
b. 10%
c. 5%
d. 1%
48. When people are judged mentally unstable at the time of their crimes and therefore innocent of criminal wrongdoing, they are found to be:
a. guilty but insane.
b. not guilty by reason of insanity.
c. guilty but mentally ill.
d. incompetent to stand trial.
49. The legal test that someone experiencing a mental disorder at the time of the crime also had to be unable to know right from wrong or the nature of the act is known as the:
a. irresistible impulse test.
b. M’Naghten rule.
c. Durham test.
d. American Law Institute test.
50. The length of an emergency involuntary commitment varies from state to state, but _____ day(s) is often the limit.
a. 1
b. 14
c. 3
d. 7
51. People can be forced into mental health treatment through a process known as:
a. habeas corpus.
b. civil commitment.
c. day treatment.
d. benevolent commitment.
52. Approximately _____% of people are in no way violent or dangerous.
Group of answer choices
a. 60
b. 90
c. 75
d. 97
53. A legal test for insanity that holds people to be insane at the time they committed a crime if the unlawful act was the result of a mental disease or mental defect is the _______ test.
a. Durham
b. American Law Institute
c. irresistible impulse
d. Hinckley
54. Which is the most accurate statement about psychologists’ predictions of future dangerousness?
a. Short-term predictions are more accurate than long-term predictions.
b. Both “they are wrong more often than right when they make long-term predictions” and “short-term predictions are more accurate than long-term predictions” are accurate statements.
c. They are right most of the time.
d. They are wrong more often than right when they make long-term predictions.
55. In 1992, in the case of Foucha v. Louisiana, the U.S. Supreme Court clarified that the ONLY acceptable basis for determining the release of hospitalized offenders is whether or not they are still:
a. represented adequately by an attorney.
b. a danger to society.
c. insane.
d. in treatment.
56. Which of the following statements is true with regard to a psychologist’s input into the selection of jury members?
a. Clinician’s attention to non-verbal communication makes them more effective than lawyers at selecting juries.
b. It is not clear that a clinician’s advice is more valid than a lawyer’s instincts.
c. When the clinician and the lawyer agree on which jurors make the best pool, they are likely to get a favorable verdict in over 90% of the cases.
d. A clinician can only effectively select a jury member if (s)he has the opportunity to interview each perspective juror.
57. Approximately two-thirds of people acquitted of their crimes by reason of insanity qualify for a diagnosis of:
a. schizophrenia.
b. major depressive disorder.
c. a personality disorder.
d. a dissociative disorder.
58. Someone driven by a fit of passion to commit a murder might be found insane at the time of the crime under the _______ test.
a. irresistible impulse
b. Durham
c. American Law Institute
d. forensic insanity
59. Which two political institutions have a particularly strong impact on the mental health profession?
a. executive and administrative branches of government
b. legislative and executive branches of government
c. legislative and executive branches of government
d. legislative and judicial branches of government
60. What is the most accurate statement about eyewitness testimony?
a. It is so unreliable, it ought to be prohibited in all instances.
b. There is no difference between laboratory research and real-life events.
c. Witnesses who are “absolutely certain” in their identification are no more likely to be accurate than those who are only “fairly sure.”
d. Some states prohibit it altogether.
