In one sense, this paper is where the rubber meets the road. This is where your perception of theory is realized in social policy. How do the results and effect of this type of research affect the society in which we live?
Until recently, the genes that are associated with the appearance of different inherited disorders were invisible. Whether or not an individual would be born with or develop a serious disorder, a disorder that impacts one?s ability to function successfully in society, was pretty much a random event. Sure, we are all aware of the unwritten rule that first cousins should not marry because of the increased probability of having retarded children, but 26 states allow marriage between first cousins. We may also be aware of the data that show that women who have their first child after age 40 have an increased chance of having a child with serious problems. Previously it was believed that the sperm had relatively little impact on these types of disorders. There are now data that the age of the father may have an effect on the appearance of these disorders.
As we acquire more and more information about the genetic code, eventually we will have the information that will enable us to predict which code is responsible for which inherited disease. We will be able to predict the odds that a particular individual may develop disorder. This ability will enable us to modify our behavior in order to prevent the occurrence of the disorder in most cases. This change in behavior is already appearing in those women who find out that they carry one or more mutated copies of a gene (BRCA-1 or BRCA-2) associated with breast cancer.
Based on what you have read and thought about, how should society deal with this information? Should there be laws governing what happens with this information? What are the individual?s responsibilities to society? What are society?s responsibilities to the individual?
Please choose either A or B and write a six-page paper that reflects your thoughts and answers all the questions under which letter you chose. While you must answer each question in either A or B, your paper should NOT consist of a list of the questions and your answers. You should use the questions as guideposts for the development of your paper as you express your thoughts. You may arrange the answers in any order that best fits the organization of your statement.
A:
Should parents have their genetic code analyzed and the probability of their having offspring with congenital defects or high sensitivity to diseases determined?
Since the cost of treating these medical problems may be exorbitant, should people whose genetic analysis shows a higher than average probability of having offspring with medical problems pay higher health insurance premiums?
Should people who refuse genetic testing pay higher health insurance premiums?
B:
Who should have access to personal genetic information, and how will it be used?
How does personal genetic information affect an individual and society’s perceptions of that individual?
Does genetic information affect members of minority communities differently? How?
Please use at least six to eight articles as your references. You will write your paper according to the APA format.
Below is a list of assigned reading for this class. Your references are not limited to this list.
Economics
Becker, G. S. (1965). A theory of the allocation of time. Economic Journal. 40(299), 493-508. Retrieved from Business Source Premier database. http://vlib.excelsior.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bth&AN=5331888&site=ehost-live&scope=site
Coase, Ronald H. (1937). The nature of the firm. Economica. 4, 386-405. (Not available in the Excelsior College Library; We do have this journal from 1965-1 year ago)
Lucas, Jr. R. E. (1972). Expectations and the theory of money. J. Economic Theory. 4, 103-124.
Ando, A. & Modigliani, F. (1963). The ?life cycle? hypothesis of saving: aggregate implications and tests. American Economic Review. 53(1), 55-84. Retrieved from Business Source Premier database. http://vlib.excelsior.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bth&AN=8737517&site=ehost-live&scope=site
Williamson, O. E. (1979). Transaction cost economics: the governance of contractual relations. J. Law and Economics. 22(2), 233-261. Retrieved from JSTOR Arts and Sciences IV Collection database. http://www.jstor.org.vlib.excelsior.edu/stable/725118
Henriques, D.B. (2010, January 20). F.B.I. Charges Arms Sellers With Foreign Bribes . New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2010/01/21/business/21sting.html?adxnnl=1&adxnnlx=7-qEJmNWE0sEiKai5P9mWSZA
Political Science
MacKuen, M., Erikson, R. and Stimson, J. (1989). Macropartisanship. American Political Science Review. 83(4), 1125-42. Retrieved from JSTOR Arts and Sciences IV Collection database. http://www.jstor.org.vlib.excelsior.edu/stable/1961661
Bartels, L. M. (2000). Partisanship and voting behavior, 1952-1996. American Journal of Political Science. 44(1), 35-50. Retrieved from JSTOR Arts and Sciences IV Collection database. http://www.jstor.org.vlib.excelsior.edu/stable/2669291
Lien, P., Pinderhughes, D. M., Hardy-Fanta, C. & Sierra, C. M. (2007). The voting rights act and the election of nonwhite officials. PS: Political Science and Politics. 489-494 (DOI 10.1017/S7070746)
Wood, B.D. & Waterman, R.W. (1991). The dynamics of political control of the bureaucracy. American Political Science Review. 85(3), 801-28. Retrieved from JSTOR Arts and Sciences IV Collection database. http://www.jstor.org.vlib.excelsior.edu/stable/1963851
Segal, J. & Spaeth, H. (1996). The influence of stare decisis on the votes of United States supreme court justices. American Journal of Political Science. 40(4) 971-1003. Retrieved from JSTOR Arts and Sciences IV Collection database. http://www.jstor.org.vlib.excelsior.edu/stable/2111738
Canes-Wrone, B. & de Marchi, S. (2002). Presidential approval and legislative success. The Journal of Politics. 64(2), 491-509. Retrieved from JSTOR Arts and Sciences IV Collection database. http://www.jstor.org.vlib.excelsior.edu/stable/2691858
Binder, S. A. (1999). The dynamics of legislative gridlock, 1947-1996. American Political Science Review. 93(3) 519-533. Retrieved from JSTOR Arts and Sciences IV Collection database. http://www.jstor.org.vlib.excelsior.edu/stable/2585572
Psychology
Adler, N. E., Ozer, E. J., Tschann, J., (2003). Abortion among adolescents. American Psychologist. 58(3), 211-217. Retrieved from PsycARTICLES database. http://vlib.excelsior.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=pdh&AN=amp-58-3-211&site=ehost-live
Arnett, J. J. (2000). Emerging adulthood: A theory of development from the late teens through the twenties. American Psychologist. 55(5), 469-480. Retrieved from PsycARTICLES database. http://vlib.excelsior.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=pdh&AN=amp-55-5-469&site=ehost-live
Arnett, J. J. (2002). The psychology of globalization. American Psychologist. 57(10), 774-783. Retrieved from PsycARTICLES database. http://vlib.excelsior.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=pdh&AN=amp-57-10-774&site=ehost-live
Barnett, R.C. & Hyde, J.S. (2001). Women, men, work, and family. American Psychologist. 56(10), 781-796. Retrieved from PsycARTICLES database. http://vlib.excelsior.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=pdh&AN=amp-56-10-781&site=ehost-live
Burger, J.M. (2009). Replicating Milgram: would people still obey today? American Psychologist. 64(1), 1-11. Retrieved from PsycARTICLES database. http://vlib.excelsior.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=pdh&AN=amp-64-1-1&site=ehost-live
Ceci, S.J. & Papierno, P.B. (2005). The rhetoric and reality of gap closing: when the “have-nots” gain but the “haves” gain even more. American Psychologist. 60(2), 149-160. Retrieved from PsycARTICLES database. http://vlib.excelsior.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=pdh&AN=amp-60-2-149&site=ehost-live
Clark, R., Anderson, N.B., Clark, V.R. & Williams, D.R. (1999). Racism as a stressor for African Americans: A biopsychosocial model. American Psychologist. 54(10), 805-816. Retrieved from PsycARTICLES database. http://vlib.excelsior.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=pdh&AN=amp-54-10-805&site=ehost-live
Cohen, A. B. (2009). Many forms of culture. American Psychologist. 64(3), 194-204. Retrieved from PsycARTICLES database. http://vlib.excelsior.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=pdh&AN=amp-64-3-194&site=ehost-live
Eberhardt, J.L. (2005). Imaging race. American Psychologist. 60(2), 181-190. Retrieved from PsycARTICLES database. http://vlib.excelsior.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=pdh&AN=amp-60-2-181&site=ehost-live
Eidelson, R.J. & Eidelson, J.I. (2003). Dangerous ideas: five beliefs that propel groups toward conflict. American Psychologist. 58(3), 182-192. Retrieved from PsycARTICLES database. http://vlib.excelsior.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=pdh&AN=amp-58-3-182&site=ehost-live
Evans, G. W. (2004). The environment of childhood poverty. American Psychologist. 59(2), 77-92. Retrieved from PsycARTICLES database. http://vlib.excelsior.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=pdh&AN=amp-59-2-77&site=ehost-live
Jost, J.T. (2006). The end of ideology. American Psychologist. 61(7), 651-670. Retrieved from PsycARTICLES database. http://vlib.excelsior.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=pdh&AN=amp-61-7-651&site=ehost-live
Leung, A.K., Maddux, W.W., Galinsky, A.D., & Chiu, C. (2008). Multicultural experience enhances creativity: the when and how. American Psychologist. 63(3), 169-181. Retrieved from PsycARTICLES database. http://vlib.excelsior.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=pdh&AN=amp-63-3-169&site=ehost-live
Lott, B. (2002). Cognitive and behavioral distancing from the poor. American Psychologist. 57(2), 100-110. Retrieved from PsycARTICLES database. http://vlib.excelsior.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=pdh&AN=amp-57-2-100&site=ehost-live
Manning, R., Levine, M. & Collins, A. (2007). The Kitty Genovese murder and the social psychology of helping: the parable of the 38 witnesses. American Psychologist. 62(6), 555-562. Retrieved from PsycARTICLES database. http://vlib.excelsior.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=pdh&AN=amp-62-6-555&site=ehost-live
Moghaddam, F. M. (2005). The staircase to terrorism: A psychological exploration. American Psychologist. 60(2), 161-169. Retrieved from PsycARTICLES database. http://vlib.excelsior.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=pdh&AN=amp-60-2-161&site=ehost-live
Silverstein, L. B. & Auerbach, C. F. (1999). Deconstructing the essential father. American Psychologist. 54(6), 397-407. Retrieved from PsycARTICLES database. http://vlib.excelsior.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=pdh&AN=amp-54-6-397&site=ehost-live
Smedley, A. & Smedley, B. D. (2005). Race as biology is fiction, racism as a social problem is real: anthropological and historical perspectives on the social construction of race. American Psychologist. 60(1), 16-26. Retrieved from PsycARTICLES database. http://vlib.excelsior.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=pdh&AN=amp-60-1-16&site=ehost-live
Spelke, E. S. (2005). Sex differences in intrinsic aptitude for mathematics and science?: A critical review. American Psychologist. 60(9), 950-958. Retrieved from PsycARTICLES database. http://vlib.excelsior.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=pdh&AN=amp-60-9-950&site=ehost-live
Steinberg, L., Cauffman, E., Woolard, J., Graham, S. & Banich, M. (2009). Are adolescents less mature than adults?: Minors’ access to abortion, the juvenile death penalty, and the alleged APA “flip-flop.” American Psychologist. 64(7), 583-594. Retrieved from PsycARTICLES database. http://vlib.excelsior.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=pdh&AN=amp-64-7-583&site=ehost-live
Sternberg, R. J. (2004). Culture and intelligence. American Psychologist. 59(5), 325-338. Retrieved from PsycARTICLES database. http://vlib.excelsior.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=pdh&AN=amp-59-5-325&site=ehost-live
Suinn, R. M. (2001). The terrible twos?Anger and anxiety: Hazardous to your health. American Psychologist. 56(1), 27-36. Retrieved from PsycARTICLES database. http://vlib.excelsior.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=pdh&AN=amp-56-1-27&site=ehost-live
Wallace, A.B., Shapiro, S.L., (2006). Mental balance and well-being: Building bridges between buddhism and western psychology. American Psychologist. 61(7), 690-701. Retrieved from PsycARTICLES database. http://vlib.excelsior.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=pdh&AN=amp-61-7-690&site=ehost-live
Sociology
American Sociological Association: Code of Ethics Available online.
Bonacich, E. (1973). A theory of middleman majorities. American Sociological Review 38(5), 583-594.
Bongaarts, J.(2007). Late Marriage and the HIV Epidemic in Sub-Saharan Africa. Population Studies, Vol.61 (1), March, 73-83
Collins, P. H. (1993). Toward a new vision: race, class and gender as categories of analysis and connection. Race, Sex & Class. 1(1), 25-46.
Lehrman, S. (2003, February). The reality of race. Scientific American .
Engels, F. (1876). The part played by labour in the transition from ape to man. Die Neue Zeit 1895-06. http://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1876/part-played-labour/index.htm
Gullickson, A. (2006). Education and Black-White Interracial Marriage. Demography, Vol. 43 (4), November, 673-689
Johnson, W., Rettig, R., Scott, G. & Garrison, S. (2009). The sociology student writer?s manual (6th ed.) Prentice Hall.
Marx, K. and Engels, F. (1848). The communist manifesto. Retrieved from the ebrary database. http://site.ebrary.com/lib/excelsior/docDetail.action?docID=10015107&p00=the%20communist%20manifesto
McIntosh, P. (1990). White privilege: Unpacking the invisible knapsack. Independent School 49(2), 31-36. http://vlib.excelsior.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=5&site=ehost-live&scope=site
Christy-McMullin, A. (2006). An Evidenced-Based Approach to a Theoretical Understanding of the Relationship Between Economic Resources, Race/Ethnicity, and Woman Abuse. Journal of Evidence-Based Social Work, Vol. 3(2) 2006
Mills, C. W. (2000). The promise, in The Sociological Imagination. Oxford University Press. 3-15.
Miner , H (1956). Body Ritual Among the Nacirema. http://www.ohio.edu/people/thompsoc/Body.html
Smith, E. and Hattery, A. (2011). Race Relations Theories: Implications for Sport Management Journal of Sport Management, 25 107-117
Smith, T.A.(2006). Living and Working in the City: The Effect of Central City Residence on African American Self-Employment Journal of Black Studies, Vol. 36 (4), March, 585-596
