Introduction
The goal of this chapter is to critically assess the appropriate methodological underpinning and research design that will help fulfill the aim of the study “the impact of war to the reserve CRNA on the battlefield”. The methodology has a crucial role in research; thus the need for establishing a clear methodological structure to ensure that the key objectives of the chapter will be met and thus that of the study. As such, this chapter will be sub-divided into two parts; the first one is about the methodological underpinnings that attempt to understand the epistemological and ontological position of the researcher in the study. In this case, the researcher determines the appropriate research paradigm that will be used in the collection of data. The researcher is faced with two options that determine the basis of the study; quantitative data; thus adopting a positivist stance or qualitative data; thus adopting a narrative approach.
The aim of the study is to gain an insightful understanding of the prime aim and research questions regarding the impact of war on the reserve CRNA; thus suggesting that narrative approach is suitable for the study. Having established a clear and an appropriate research paradigm, which in this case is a narrative paradigm, the second and most important part of this chapter is the focus on using the appropriate design for the study. The study’s design determines and focuses on the appropriate methods within the narrative paradigm for sample size and structure, data collection, and data presentation after data collection. Afterward, the study will present the major limitations and constraints of the study by appreciating the fact that not all the research are perfect; thus the method used. The last part of the research is the appreciation of the moral obligation for the used method of the study (Jankowicz, 2005). As a result, the method used will consider, antedate, and mirror on the ethics of how the study sample is engaged in the research by evaluating how they are approached and questioned, and their behavior and reaction to the data presentation.
The impact of war has profound implications for reserve CRNA on the battlefield. It is significant to gain insight and an in-depth comprehension of their experiences on the battlefield to identify issues of concern for improvement. The adverse psychological effects of war on this subpopulation demand attention. Research has shown that more than two reserve-component returning home from war, testified symptoms enough for mental health treatment (Lane, Hourani, Bray, & Williams, 2012). In the introduction chapter, a number of research objectives were established. The first objective of the study in this chapter was to provide a narrative study that describes the reserve CRNA experience during deployment in theater. A second purpose was to describe the meaning of the reserve CRNA experience during deployment. The third purpose was to identify issues of concern during the deployment that can be improved. Another objective was to achieve a deeper indulgent of the impact of a war environment on CRNA ability to provide care to the wounded military personnel. Alongside this objective, the study aims at gaining insight of the CRNA experiences during deployment in critical incidents. The ability to address these objectives by choosing an appropriate design, the study results will then be discussed in chapter 4 where chapter 5 will provide a critical evaluation of the deployment experiences and their impact on the reserve CRNA. As such, this chapter provides an outline of the method selected as a framework for this study as well as the data collection, and analysis process, protection of human subjects and trustworthiness.
Methodological underpinnings
Before determining the methodology, it is essential for a researcher to have a sound understanding of ontology and epistemology (Jankowicz, 2005). The ontological standing of the researcher is based on the events that one chooses to notice and the ones that are ignored or else the world view, which is the drive for the researcher’s epistemology. Jankowicz (2005) claims that epistemology is concerned with what knowledge is and the things that constitute to knowledge. This affirms the goal of each research; to create knowledge in a way that makes sense to people; either through positivism and interpretivism. Hines (2000) it is the duty of the researcher to determine the most suiting philosophical positions by having a sound understanding of the two stances.
The study chooses the philosophy of Martin Heidegger as the methodological underpinning. Heideggerian phenomenology fits this study as it aims at understanding the shared meanings (McConnell-Henry, 2011). The development of this philosophy was after the denial of the Husserl’s philosophy, the theory of epistemology and instead adopted ontology theory, the science of being (Reiners, 2012). The phenomenology does not generalize or predict the outcomes. This phenomenology fits this study as it believes in the self-interpreting beings by implying that to live is to listen and develop meanings. Heidegger in this framework argued that the experience, values, and pre-suppositions of the researcher are genuine components of the research. The appropriateness of this philosophy is the way it depends on the ontological question of being, where Heidegger asserts that human understands themselves through existence; thus being uniquely ontological (Reiners, 2012). The appropriateness of this philosophy in this study is the way the researcher does not use their biases and prior engagement in assessing the study questions.
By taking an ontological position, the researcher will embrace interpretivism, which is relativism. Scotland (2012) assert that relativism is essential as it views reality in a subjective manner and understands that it differs from one person to the other. As a result, it becomes easy to understand a phenomenon from an individual’s perspective while at the same time investigating the historical and cultural contexts inhibited by different people. This is the case with the current study, where the researcher attempts to understand the experiences of the reserve CRNA right from their deployment to post-deployment. Scotland (2012) adds on the same by claiming that the appropriate situations evaluated by this approach are thick; thus, they cannot be reduced to simple interpretations, as the aim is to disclose newly uncovered phenomena.
Interpretive phenomenological analysis (IPA) suits this study, as the prime goal of the study is to gain a deeper understanding of the experience that CRNA nurses get during their deployment and post-deployment periods. In this case, the participants of the study will be required to describe their perceptions, understanding, view, and experience concerning what they learned during the entire period in the combat zone and after deployment. In this case, IPA enables the participants to interpret their experiences into an understandable format for the researcher. In addition, IPA acknowledges the subjective reports of the participants rather than objective reports; thus appreciating this research as being dynamic (Brocki & Wearden, 2006) following the different experiences gained in the deployment of the participants. Brocki and Wearden (2006) argue that this aspect of IPA allows it to be used extensively in healthcare research as IPA allows the participants to express their perception and interpretations of their experiences as well as the meanings that these experiences assign to them (Pietkiewicz & Smith, 2014).
Methodological Approach
Compared to the social sciences, the interest and use of narrative approach in nursing are new. Green (2013) assert that narrative has become a crucial path for the nursing care. The appropriateness of this approach in nursing is the way it facilitates the shifting of the predominantly logic scientific mode to the more of a known narrative inquiry. According to Wang and Geale (2015), Clandinin and Connelly primarily used the narrative approach as personal teaching stories. The narrative approach is suitable for the description and understanding of real-life experiences by listening and recording the stories of the participants. Moreover, the use of this approach is suitable in describing these experiences while exploring their meanings from the way the participants describe them. In this case, narrative approach amplifies the voice of the participants experience to a large multitude. The qualitative turn of this paradigm is the way it stems the interest of nurses in understanding the way people use their lives and experiences by narrating them as stories. Narrative simplifies the way the researcher enter into the participant’s life through narration; thus breaking the cultural barriers while giving voice to the experiences of different persons as well as a deeper understanding of a lived life experience.
Narrative inquiry, a qualitative method grounded in social and humanities disciplines, was identified as the framework for this study (Holloway & Freshwater, 2007). Narratives are explanations of a person’s experience over time, expressed by the individual listened by the researcher and then denoted in script. Narratives are an approach of human manifestation where a person makes a sense from personal experience by reflecting the through these manifestations. Holloway and Freshwater (2007) claim that narratives are assured by time and context while having the capability to reveal healthcare opportunities for the improvement practice and also give a voice to banished groups in society.
Rationale for Approach
This study adopted the narrative approach since it was a good fitting to understanding the experience of the military nurses deployed in theater. Narratives, or commonly referred stories, tend to change every moment they are told (Holloway & Freshwater, 2007). Besides, narrators not only tell a simple story; but also they can provide a historical account of experiences. “Narratives help nursing researchers to understand patients, nursing-patient relationships or other nursing issues… life-course development and cultural and historical worlds of the narrator (Wang & Geale, 2015, pg. 198).” Narratives assist in reflecting, clarifying, and constructing meaning on the past and justifying their behavior while linking the historical events to the current thinking and actions. It is important to note that there exist a difference between other qualitative approaches with narrative research especially in data collection, which results to comprehensible stories instead of disjointed portions of information (Reissman, 2008). The participants in this approach are embedded with more power since they control how the story is narrated. The subjective nature of narratives forces the researcher to be attuned for him or her to retell the story.
The use of narrative inquiry in nursing research is important in the accomplishment of numerous goals of the research. First, this method acknowledges human experience as the changing entities, which are in a constant state flux, rather than the attempts to generalize data, categorize data, or viewing data from a neutral position (Wang & Geale, 2015). The use of narratives in this study is the way the narrated stories serve as the primary mode of understanding the pattern of the reserve CRNA’s when serving in the battlefield as well as after their deployment. “Stories makes the impact explicit, the hidden seen, the unformed formed, and the confusing clear (Wang & Geale, 2015, pg. 198).” Besides, the participants of the study will be in a position of narrating their experiences without superficially compulsory constraints.
Correspondingly, the use of narratives in this study is vital to understanding the intricacy of particular instances that shape the people’s experience depending on how they identify themselves. This is the case with this study whose aim is to understand the experience and impact of the CRNA nurses in the battlefield depending on various aspects such as the environment and time of deployment. Besides, this approach enables the researcher to make meanings of the stories narrated by the narrators instead of the already known facts. This affirms the claims of Wang and Geale (2015) who posit that narrative inquiry is not interested in understanding the truth or facts of the experience being narrated; rather, the approach targets the meaning of the narrated experience. By anticipating in this method, the researcher aims at understanding the particular experiences that the CRNAs encounter during their deployment period instead; thus acting as a way of appreciating the dynamic states of the deployment experiences. The study also perceives this method as suitable for the research as it allows the researcher to involve a variety of individual storytellers who argue and negotiate their experiences around the changing circumstances that shape their experience. By involving a number of reserve CRNAs, reserve component, male and female with at least one deployment, the study aims at understanding the various experiences that these participants have had during their deployment.
Narratives have the aptitude of producing influential evidence on nursing practice (Holloway & Freshwater, 2007). Narratives should take plot that is independent of the discussed context. The plot usually has a start, middle, and end though not importantly told by the narrator in this sequence. Data collection in the study will be collected by listening to a military nurse’s story concerning their deployment experience and after returning home and what these experiences mean to them. Through the interpretation of this experience, the researcher may be able to inform healthcare providers in ways that could enhance understanding and improve encounter with this unique group. Perceptions of the military nurses’ insights of reality will offer a universal picture of their experiences and appropriate interventions that can promote care for them in other wars.
Correspondingly, narratives make it easy for the healthcare provider to comprehend the confusion and suffering of another person without having to know how the experience was like. As a result, the information that was extended from listening to stories assisted the researcher to understand to change from event to event. This became crucial in relating essential information told by the narrator concerning the study’s phenomenon. Consequentially, the researcher used a variety of questions that assist him interpret and experience that which CRNA nurses encounter during their deployment (Wang & Geale, 2015) rather than trying to explain that experience. In addition, the researcher presumes that the participant of the study will provide strong ideas and insights that will be used in determining the appropriate course of action for addressing the adverse deployment and post-deployment experiences for the CRNA nurses. In turn, this will make the researcher as an insider view of the study; thus providing a deeper understanding of the experiences of these nurses. Such a view is important in revealing the subjective truth (Wang & Geale, 2015) instead of objective truth during the study.
Data Generating Procedures
Participants, reserve CRNAs, will be interviewed to allow them to describe their “in theater” war experience and their interpretation of the meaning of that experience. The following sections address access, participants, settings and specifics of data collection as a way of meeting the data generating procedures.
Gaining Access
Sampling refers to a process of identifying and selecting the appropriate subjects to play a role in the research investigation with the aim of obtaining relevant information for the research. According to Mack, et al. (2005) it is impossible for the researcher to collect information from all members of the study population; thus the need for sampling. In this case, sampling becomes crucial to every study, especially a qualitative study that entails a subset of the study population selected for the research. At this section of the study, the researcher will determine the appropriate sampling technique to identify the study samples that will enrich the study with appropriate data and information.
Purposive and snowball sampling will be used to recruit participants needed for the study. A purposeful sample enables the researcher to interview the people who best informs about the phenomenon of interest. “Purposeful sampling is widely used in qualitative research for the identification and selection of information-rich cases related to the phenomenon of interest (Palinkas, et al. 2013, pg. 1).” In this case, the researcher identifies the individuals that possess knowledge in deployment and post-deployment experiences by using purposeful sampling. In conjunction with these requirements, the participant will identify participants who are willing to participate, are available, and have the ability to communicate their experiences as well as their opinions in an expressive, articulate, and reflective way (Palinkas, et al. 2013). Participants will be obtained through email and word of mouth in the colleagues and peers of the researcher until adequate participants are interviewed to the extent of saturating the study data. The researcher’s contact information will be given to these persons to pass on to anyone they know who was willing to participate in the study (Appendix B) Participants will be recruited until data reaches saturation.
Participants
The research will use participants that are consistent with narratives and in turn facilitate the provision of data, which will be qualitative because it deals with experiences of the involved group. Jankowicz (2005) suggests that theories are integrated in practice, the participants become sensible and critical in the study; thus the need for engaging them in the study as they provide a wider source of information. As a result, the researcher will be required to fully interact with the study participants as Morgan (1988) asserts since such interaction ensures that a rich data is obtained from them.
CRNA nurses, reserve component, male and female with at least one deployment experience will be interviewed. Participants will include those from any branch of the military. They will be 18 years or older and speak English. Participants will be disqualified on revealing that they possess lively symptoms of PTSD or any mental health issues connected to deployment. Participants were asked during the initial telephone contact and then again prior to signing consent if they were experiencing any mental health or PTSD related symptoms that they felt would impede them in completing the interview. All of the participants denied any mental health or active PTSD related symptoms. There were no exclusions based on marital status or living arrangements. In order to give room for ample time and reflection, participants will be involved in the study only if they have at one-year post-deployment experience. The researcher will not interview military nurses known on a personal level.
As shown in Table 1… (Describe the demographics)
Setting
The researcher will use face to face interviews with the participants in the attempt of understanding the deployment and post-deployment experiences of the battlefield. Collis and Hussey (2003) relate interviews with both positivist and phenomenological model, but in this case, the researcher will use semi-structured questions that support the phenomenon of the CRNAs experience during the deployment and post-deployment time. The researcher targets to find a suitable place to conduct the interview especially areas with minimal or no noise. For the interview, the researcher and the participant will choose a mutually agreed place in an effort to make both feel as comfortable as possible. The participant’s opinion will be prioritized for them to fully participate in this interview. To facilitate this process, the researcher aims at establishing interview schedule (Brocki & Wearden, 2007) that will enable the participants to narrate their stories using their words, which is the core of the interpretive phenomenon analysis. The use of interview according to Coviello (2005) will help the study participants to justify their experiences, feelings, and thoughts, whilst allowing them to put it in the right context of the study; thus providing rich data. In this case, the researcher believes that the participants will provide all the relevant information concerning their experiences in serving the combat zones that will in turn increase the researchers understanding of the deployment and post-deployment experiences of the CRNA nurses.
Data Collection
The goal of the interview was to allow participants to describe a story about their experiences during deployment, including critical incidents or major turning points. Once the nurses agree to participate in the study, a meeting time will be established. Participants will be emailed the consent form (Appendix B) for review prior to the interview. Participants will be required to read, sign, and return the consent form before or at the first interview, prior to commencing the interview. Each nurse will complete a demographic data sheet (Appendix C) before starting the interview. Electronic copies of both the consent and the demographic data sheets will be accepted, with an electronic signature, and verified before starting the interview. The researcher will briefly explain the purpose of the interview to the participants before commencing the study for optimum preparation.
Procedure
Participants will be instructed to avoid using names during the interview. Although not anticipated, participants were informed that if they disclosed information that was in conflict with the professional Code of Ethics, the researcher might be required to report such information. The first step to take during the interview will be to explain the purpose of the interview, where the goal of the study is to evaluate the deployment and post-deployment experiences in the battlefield. Each participant will be interviewed using semi-structured questions (Appendix A) focused on describing and ascertaining the meaning of their experience returning home from a deployment. The researcher will first describe to the participants the role of the open questions of the study (Brocki & Wearden, 2007) thus allowing for the introduction of new topics. Brocki and Wearden (2007) affirm that the use of semi-structured interviews is the ideal method that suits the interpretive phenomenological analysis. The use of interview is appropriate in adhering to the aims of IPA research while treating the participants as the experts of this study. In addition, the researcher will determine the schedule of the interview. Moreover, most of the semi-structured interview questions will be open-ended while the interviewing style will be non-directive.
In the case of this study, the interview will contain two distinct parts; the first one will involve the description of the deployment experiences while the second one will involve the description of the post-deployment experiences. In the first part of the interview, the participants will be required to narrate their experience on the battlefield that is relevant to the study whilst the second part will focus on the narratives of the post-deployment experiences. By dividing the study into two parts, the researcher will improve the effectiveness of the study, as the participant will dedicate some interview time to describe their experiences after deployment. The participants will also be required to describe their take on the two experiences and what they think is appropriate to counter the adverse effects of these experiences.
Each interview will last approximately 45 minutes to 1 hour. As a way of facilitating the study, the researcher will inform the participants that the whole interviewing session will be recorded, as it is a part of the study. This will pace through a way for the participants to ask any relevant questions before starting the interview. As such, at the end of each interview, the researcher will write reflective notes in a journal regarding feelings and thoughts about what the participants shared. Alongside these notes, the researcher will digitally record the entire interview and upload to Verbal Ink, an online transcription service. A Little guidance on the extent to which the interviewer should interpret these narratives should be shared with the participants (Brocki & Wearden, 2007). The use of minimal probes such as ‘how did you feel?’ should be used in the study. At such a moment, the researcher should monitor the effect of such questions has on the interviewee while at the same time allowing the participant to play the biggest role in the entire research. Towards the end of the interview session, the researcher will read the summary of the interview to the interviewee to ensure that all the main points of the narrative have been captured. This step of the study will be essential to the study, as it will create room for more information as well as for any clarification. Follow-up interviews will be conducted as needed, where after the interview, the participants will be informed that they can be contacted in future if need be. In this case, the participants will be required to indicate the most appropriate way of getting in touch with them later.
Analysis of Data
Each transcript will be read through initially for review of the content of the interview. At this point, the researcher will take a short break from recording to give room for cognitive processing. Each transcript will be read a second time, before moving processes or turning points that occur for the data to be made into a comprehensive to the next one, and the researcher will write in a journal feeling evoked by reading the narrative. Next, the researcher will listen to the audio recordings while writing notes at the participants speak. On listening to these audio files, the researcher recorded and summarized the narrative of each participant in his or her words onto five pages. Notes will be systematically taken based on the interview questions asked. On reading the scripts for the third time, the researcher will highlight words, phrases, and comments that appeared to be repeated. Once all transcripts are read three times, the highlighted words, comments, and phrases that appeared to be repeated. Once all transcripts were read three times, the highlighted phrases and words were mined onto letter cards and convened into related content as they were the major elements of the story. Each record will be recited a fourth time to confirm grouping of phrases and words. Themes and sub-themes were then developed from what the summarized notes, keywords, and narratives revealed. The researcher will listen again to the audio files several times and record them his impressions of what was going on between him and the participant. During this time, the researcher will identify any processes or turning points that occur for the data to be assembled as a comprehensive narrative.
Thematic and content analysis
Following the interdependence of the interpretation of the qualitative data, explanations play a vital role (Ibrahim, 2012). Qualitative methods are highly applicable in the healthcare research following their complexities. This translates to the fact that most of the phenomena in healthcare research incorporate interpretations in their analysis. The data analysis part of research is the most important part of the study as it provides the implications of the study. In this case, it is important for the researcher to decide the most pertinent analysis approach for any undertaken study.
The researcher in the current study uses thematic and content analysis. According to Vaismoradi, Turunen, and Bondas (2013), both content and thematic analysis are used interchangeably as there lack clear boundaries between the two. Following this trend, the researcher must exploit the two to ensure that the analysis is successfully done. Content analysis is important in narrative analysis while thematic analysis is applicable for the phenomenological studies, which are the two instances of the study; thus their applicability in this research.
The researcher used content analysis in the research in evaluating the experiences of the participants as they described during the interview. Vaismoradi, Turunen, and Bondas (2013) notes that content analysis is suitable for multifaceted, sensitive, and important researchers in nursing. Little is known in the current study especially the impact that the battlefield experiences have on the CRNA nurses, which suits the use of content analysis. As such, the research identifies the common words mentioned during the narratives that reveal a common trend in both deployment and post-deployment instances. This analysis enabled the researcher to view the participant’s narratives as representations of their experiences and not physical events represented by texts and expressions meant to be read, seen, and interpreted. The researcher used thematic analysis to provide a rich, detailed, and complex trend of the obtained data. Despite the simplicity of the data obtained from the narratives, the researcher uses thematic analysis to offer a comprehensive and a nuanced account of the collected data. This is important in revealing the existing trend of the experiences that the CRNAs encounter in the battlefield and after returning home. As a result, the researcher will use thematic analysis to describe and interpret the aspects of data revealed by the identified keywords.
Vaismoradi, et al. (2016) claim that once the researcher has successfully carried both content and thematic analysis, he should come up with study themes. In this case, a theme is regarded as an element, descriptor, attribute, and concept of the study. The researcher will be supposed to organize his notes using the repeated ideas in the participant’s narratives to answer the study questions. The researcher will then identify the subthemes and subtopics emanating from the main theme of the data as a way of obtaining a wider view of the data, which will ease the process of uncovering the pattern exhibited by the participants.
Descriptive statics are crucial in the discussion of the basic features of the study. Besides, descriptive statics is applicable in providing summaries of the sample and the measures used. In this study, therefore, descriptive statistics will be used with demographic data to unfold the aspects of the participant’s group. Means will be reported for age, length of most recent deployment, a total number of deployments of the participant group, and location of all the deployments. Numbers will be reported for gender, marital status, those who have children, and military status and branch served during the most recent deployment.
Protection of Human Subjects
The study will obtain permission to conduct the research from IRB (Institutional Review Board) of Kent State University. Once this is obtained, sampling will begin. All participants will be obligated to read and sign the cognizant consent form before commencing the interview. It will be made clear to the participants that their contribution in the study is voluntary and that they have the right to quit from the research. The electronic mail address of the researcher will be provided to the participants so that contact can be made for questions and concerns prior the interview.
Confidentially will be maintained using several methods to ensure that the participants are confident about their participation in the study; thus participating fully and enrich the study with the right information. Data and demographic information sheets were kept in a safe file cabinet within the researcher’s home office. Digital transcripts will be saved on a password-protected external drive. Verbal Ink and online transcription service will be used. Verbal Ink uses the SLL level of encryption to ensure that files sent to them will be kept secure. Verbal Ink deletes all audio files and transcription from their servers one week after they are returned to their client. Names will not be attached to the transcription documents pseudonyms will be assigned to each participant. DE known data will be disseminated with the dissertation board of the researcher and maintained for five years before the publication of findings. Data will not be disclosed to the participant’s family, any military Commanders, or other military personnel. However, the participants will be appreciated for their participation in the study (Collis & Hussey, 2003) and be offered copies of the dissertation and transcript.
It is anticipated that the participants may experience some emotional discomfort during the interview. Provisions for psychological support, such as a crisis intervention number and a list of military resources will be offered to most of the partakers of the study, and the information they shared could evoke feelings. Participants will have the right to quit from the study at their free will. Upon completion of the first interview, each participant will be compensated with a 20 dollar Amazon gift card as a token of appreciation for their time, but there will be no direct benefits of this research to the participants. However, there is a greater benefit to the military nursing sub-group and the nursing profession.
Trustworthiness
Trustworthiness in qualitative research is related to the truth and validity of the data and finding reported by the researcher. To establish trustworthiness, validity, and authenticity, an audit trail will be maintained by the researcher. A detailed record will be kept related to how decisions will be made in the interpretation of the text. The researcher will maintain honesty concerning the responses to participant’s narratives as well as how the personal experiences and assumptions influence the study. Personal experience as a reserve nurse and CRNA may influence the interpretation of the data. The researcher will maintain a personal journal to reflect on the thoughts and feelings after each interview and throughout the analysis phase. The researcher will utilize a dissertation committee to peer review data and analysis. For greater accuracy in the analysis, the researcher will reach out to participants after analyzing the data to legalize the finding and themes that emerge.
Limitations
According to Collis and Hussey (2003), each research contains its unique limitations or weaknesses. The major weakness of most of the researchers (Collis & Hussey, 2003) is the lack of control of the study participants. Moreover, given the research period, there may emanate issues with the extent either of the samples, missed or in unresolved fields of research, which may limit the analysis and effectiveness of the study. Moreover, the study may be faced with ambiguity following the narratives of every participant where they may use vague descriptions; thus limiting the ability of the researcher to deduce or interpret their narratives in the right way. Besides, the interview may invoke memories of the participants even though they thought they were over them, a situation that may inconvenience the study by increasing the number of participants who will withdraw from the study while at the same time bringing bad memories for the participants. It is most likely that the researcher will develop interview questions that favor his phenomenological bias. The researcher has specific objectives that will determine the study questions as well as their analysis, which may end up yielding study biases.
Summary
To summarize, the chapter has effectively exploited interpretative Analysis (IPA) as the framework of this research study in conjunction with the Heidegger philosophy. The two suits this study following the goal of the study, which is to gain a deeper understanding of the impact of the deployment and post-deployment experiences from a combat zone, as they emphasize on the essence of narrative in the study. As such, the chapter has revealed the way through IPA framework will facilitate the way the participants will describe their perceptions, understanding, view, and experience during the entire process. The researcher has as well shown his philosophical stand following his ontological beliefs. Besides, the influence of the qualitative data collection has been seen in determining the study participants and interviews in the attempt of exploring the impact that deployment and post-deployment experiences has on the CRNA nurses.
Purposive or snowball sampling will be used to gain access to military reserve CRNA. Data collection will be conducted through a semi-structured interview, which was digitally recorded and transcribed. Data will be analyzed using descriptive statics and thematic and content analysis that will facilitate in analyzing the content of the narratives and themes emanating from these narratives. Protection of human rights was addressed by requiring a signed informed consent, maintaining confidentially of data and participants name and discarding the data five years after the publication of the findings. Mild emotional discomfort was a potential risk; therefore a list of resources was given to those participants willing to accept it at the end of the interview. Trustworthiness, validity, and authenticity was established by digitally recording the interview, developing an audit trail as well as the researcher will maintain reflexivity in her assumptions and reaction to the participant’s narratives. In the coming chapter 4 of the study, the findings emanating from this chapter will be presented. This follows the major themes and subthemes from the major topic of the study.
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