Speech in Context:
A. Speech in Context – An Introduction
1. Speech is More than Just Stringing Together Individual Sounds
2. Studying Speech in Context is More Realistic than in Isolation
B. Coarticulation
1. Coarticulation
a. Overlap in Time
b. Overlap in Articulatory Movement
c. Overlap in Acoustic Characteristics
2. Types of Coarticulation
a. Anticipatory (right-to-left) Coarticulation
b. Backward/Retentive (left-to-right) Coarticulation
3. Assimilation
a. Types of Assimilation
(1) Partial Assimilation
(2) Complete Assimilation
C. Prosody and Suprasegmentals
1. Prosody
a. Suprasegmentals
D. The Suprasegmentals
1. Intonation
a. Pitch Contour
b. Breath Group Theory
(1) Pitch Contour for Declarative Statements
(a) Physiologic Explanation
(2) Pitch Contour for Questions
(a) Physiologic Explanation
2. Stress
a. Characteristics of Stressed Syllables
b. Characteristics of Unstressed Syllables
(1) Vowel Reduction
c. Linguistic Functions of Stress
(1) Stress and Word Meaning
(a) Heteronym
[1] Provide three examples of two-syllable heteronyms
d. Function of Stress at the Discourse Level
3. Duration
a. Factors which Influence Duration
b. Duration as a Cue to Voicing
(1) Duration of Vowels Preceding Voiced Consonants
(2) Duration of Vowels Preceding Voiceless Consonants
c. Duration of Words at End of Phrases/Sentences
d. Juncture
Theories and Models of Speech Production:
A. Difference Between a Theory and Model
1. Theory
a. The Dynamic Nature of Theories
2. Model
a. Examples of Models
B. Theories/Models of Speech Production
1. Target Models
a. Types of Target Models
(1) Spatial Target Models
(2) Acoustic-Auditory Target Models
2. Feedback and Feedforward Models
a. Feedback Models (define/discuss/explain)
b. Feedforward Models (define/discuss/explain)
c. Feedback and Feedforward Models as Operating in Concert
3. Dynamic Systems Models
a. Degree(s) of Freedom
(1) Degree(s) of Freedom “Problem” as Addressed via Dynamic Systems Models
4. Connectionist Models
a. Parallel-Distributed Processing Model
(1) Coarticulation as an Example
