What does food provide?
What is the difference in energy content for fats versus carbohydrates and proteins? What is the use of carbohydrates and protein versus fats?
Calculate your BMI. What BMI is the designation for being overweight?
How does fiber help you?
Are we able to synthesize essential amino acids?
Contrast what herbivores, omnivores, and carnivores eat.
Trace the passage of food through the human digestive system.
What is the key site of digestion and absorption?
Describe the layered structure of the gastrointestinal tract.
Describe differences in teeth of herbivores, omnivores, and carnivores.
Which teeth do we use for eating meat versus plants?
What is amylase?
When we swallow, how is food prevented from entering the trachea?
How does food move through the esophagus?
Why can we puke?
What are the types of secretory cells in the stomach and what do they secrete?
What is chyme?
How are gastric ulcers produced and where are they usually found?
Describe the sections of the small intestine.
Why is absorptive efficiency in the small intestine near 99%?
Where is the poop formed?
Describe how the pancreas affects digestion.
What is the largest internal organ of the body? What is its main function?
What brain structure is responsible for regulating body temperature?
How does our body respond to shifts in temperature?
How does our body regulate glucose levels in the blood?
What organs are used for osmoregulation in our body?
What is a nephron? Describe the path that fluid in blood takes to become urine.
What is the point of the loop of Henle?
What are the three sections of nephrons?
Describe the structure of a neuron.
Differentiate between motor, sensory, and association neurons? What types of neurons are associated with the CNS and PNS?
What are the glial cells in the CNS and PNS?
How do nerve impulses moves across neurons?
Describe a membrane’s charge when polarized versus depolarized.
What is an action potential?
What is the difference between a presynaptic membrane and postsynaptic membrane?
What are neurotransmitters and what is the difference between them and neuromodulators?
What is the difference between an inhibitory and excitatory synapse?
What happens during integration?
How does drug addiction work and what does cocaine do?
How does the brain respond to nicotine?
What is the cerebrum responsible for?
What part of the brain is responsible for emotion?
What part of the brain is responsible for movement?
What does the brainstem control?
What is Alzheimer Disease and what may cause it?
What structures are found in the CNS?
What is the difference between the somatic and autonomic nervous systems?
What is the difference between the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system?
Describe the path of sensory information.
How are exteroceptors and interoceptors different?
What sorts of changes in the human body are sensed by receptors?
What does the inner ear sense?
Describe how information on taste is sensed.
How do we hear sounds?
Describe the structures of the vertebrate eye.
How do rods and cones differ?
Define hormone.
What are three advantages to using chemical messengers over electrical ones?
Which part of the brain is responsible for the neuroendocrine system?
What are the 4 types of hormones?
Describe the path of communication taken by a hormone signal.
List the steps taken for steroid hormones to work.
Why are anabolic steroids dangerous?
How do hormones target cells?
What is the difference in what the anterior and posterior pituitary control?
How does negative feedback work?
Describe how the pancreas regulates blood sugar.
What is the difference between diabetes type 1 and 2?
What does the thyroid and parathyroid do?
What is adrenaline and where is it produced?
What is sexual reproduction? What does it mean when we say internal fertilization?
Define gonads, gametes, and zygote.
Where is sperm produced?
Describe spermatogenesis.
What is the route that sperm takes to be ejaculated?
List the constituents of semen.
Describe oogenesis.
Describe the path that ova take through the female reproductive system when fertilized and unfertilized.
List the two phases of the menstrual cycle and the steps that occur in each.
Give the functions of FSH, LH, estrogen, and progesterone.
What is menstruation?
Why is hCG used in pregnancy tests and why is it important?
What are the stages that result from cleavage?
Are humans viviparous?
What is the difference between the amnion and chorion?
What happens during each trimester of development?
What develops during neurulation?
How is sex determined in development?
What are methods of birth control?
What causes are the causes of the STDs listed and what often happens when you are infected?
