Addressing Otitis Media in Toddlers
Addressing Otitis Media in Toddlers of Aboriginal Community
Ear infections are very common in small children. The two types of ear infections commonly seen in children are middle ear infection (otitis media) and outer ear infections (otitis externa).
- Most ear infections involve the middle ear. Babies and young children get more middle-ear infections than older children because the tubes (called the Eustachian tubes ) that connect the middle ear to the throat are smaller. This makes it easier for germs to reach the middle ear from the nose and throat during head colds, which are very common in small children. Middle ear infections often happen with a cold (sometimes called an upper respiratory tract infection or URTI), with a runny nose and sore throat.
- This is usually very painful and children will generally become irritable, have a temperature and rub their ears. Because Aboriginal children generally get the disease much earlier and for a longer duration than non-Aboriginal children, they do not appear to have the symptoms relating to an acute episode (ie pain and temperature), making it difficult to diagnose. The general symptoms that indicate a child has a problem are pus running out of the ears. However, recurrent colds and flu, or allergy, will almost certainly cause another otitis media condition and the episode will continue. Repeated cycles of OM are damaging to the eardrum as they cause scars on the drum that reduce its conductive abilities. For those children who have suffered from chronic otitis media in their first year of life, these children will be dealing with a language delay that will impact on normal language development.You have to write a bit more about disease.
Otitis media is the infection of the ear, or the loss of hearing. For decades, the illness has become common among young children, especially the toddlers in the age of 1-3 years (Australian Hearing, 2016). However, in countries such as Australia, the Aboriginal children are likely to experience this problem due to the aspect of the living conditions, housing, nutrition, and any other environmental-related issue (Australian Hearing, 2016). Over the years, the prevalent of ear diseases and hearing loss has escalated among aboriginal children, with reports showing that the condition begins within weeks of births and it can persist into adolescence (Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, 2014). The Australian Bureau of Statistics (2017) writes that for many aboriginal children, hearing loss is brought by factors such as ear infection, and the disease is known to cause social interactions problems and difficulty experiences for the affected children in the schools. likely to be a poor attender, to have apparent behavioural problems and perform poorly at school. According to Hills (2012), OM affects at about 80% of the children in Australia, mostly kids aged three years. As a result, this has made the disease one of the most common disorders affecting the children in the country. Similarly, Hills (2012) says that the number of the Aboriginal children diagnosed with otitis media in Australia has increased, with the 2012 research showing that 73% of toddlers between 1-12 months had otitis media.
Between 2012 and 2013, around 3% of the Aboriginal children were reported to have otitis media (Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2017). Moreover, as the high prevalence of otitis media among Aboriginal children is associated with secondary complications, the condition has affected more up to 67% of the young-aged Australian Aboriginal children (Hills 2012). Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (2017) quotes that since 2014; otitis media was expected to exceed the 4% threshold, which would make the infection a major public health concern affecting young Aboriginal toddlers in Australia. In agreement with this argument, Hills (2012) uses the report by the World Health Organization (WHO) to find out that the prevalence of otitis media in Indigenous kids is greater or equal to 4%, which has made the disease to become a common issue in the region.Parental smoking is an important avoidable risk factor. The use of dummies should be limited to settling, as prolonged use has been shown to be associated with otitis media.
. Based on the available literature and report about the prevalence of otitis media and its impact on the young kids from the Aboriginal community, it is evident that researching on the issue can be essential to the Australian government and healthcare system. Thus, the primary purpose of this project is to come up with a program that can be used to prevent, screen, and support the cure of otitis media in toddlers born within the Aboriginal community. As the issue of otitis media has become a key area of research for many people, this project identifies otitis as a need for primary healthcare (PHC) and a health condition that requires maximum intervention. The project will be laid into three section that includes the project description, the objective of the project, and the group of the people who will be involved in the project before implementation.
Project Description
YOU have to name it the project “Aboriginal Otitis Media Children Project (AOMCP)
The proposed project (AOMCP) aims is to reduce the 5-10% of casualty due to infection and prevent its recurrence amongst Aboriginal toddlers in remote areas. One of the programs that the project intends to implement is immunization, as through this program the Australian healthcare system can protect the Indigenous toddlers from continuum spectrum of disease it is not life threatening disease,just finish beter the sentence.please
Immunization Program
According to the World Health Organization (2017), immunization is a practice carried out by physicians with the aim of making a person immune or resistant to a particular infectious disease. In other words, vaccination is a significant process that stimulates the body’s own defense system to combat bacteria or viruses (Kirkham et al., 2010).If it is reference I think should be in bracets Li et al. (2015) have argued that immunization against the infectious bacteria such as (streptococcus pneumoconiae)Please check if this is appropriate to your reference that causes otitis media has proved to be an effective way of reducing the prevalent of the illness, especially for young toddlers. Pneumococcal infection can cause other problems including pneumonia,deafness,brain damage.(reference please)
Strengths of Immunizations
- This program emphasizes the need for Aboriginal toddlers to increase awareness of ear health.
- This project will reduce the risk related to other diseases.
(AOMCP) has numerous benefits as it will build on the Healthy ears,happy kids project commenced in(find please reference and date when they commenced,goal,only sentence or two about them).
The (AOMCP) will be the pilot project started with metropolitan clinics with a view to expanding to remote if the program is successful.The pilot project will operate through the advancement of a local health services focus shared by a partner degree nursing program.It will also incorporate an evaluation procedure to determine if this arrangement is cost effective.
Pneumococcal vaccination has been shown to reduce the rates of otitis media and tympanostomy tube insertion.(please reference)
Weaknesses
- (If the project uses artificial immunity you have to beter explain this sentence) for toddlers, this may compromise the context of the body to defend itself against OM bacteria for a longer time.(reference pl)
- Immunization exposes the body of young toddlers’ to the risks of harmful and toxic chemicals, which may bring unnecessary complications to the life of young children even after they grow up.(reference pl)
- high temperature, possibly leading to convulsions (febrile seizures)
- allergic itchy skin rash .just write about side effects
neurological condition Guillam Bare syndrom
The Plan to Implement Immunization/Vaccination
This project(AOMCP) proposes the use of vaccination to control otitis media because it is viewed as a mechanism that can be applied to make the body defensively and to fight the bacteria intrusion that causes otitis media in toddlers. Hence, to implement the proposed plan in an efficacy manner, the researcher will first focus on carrying out(there is no laboratory research,you have to write about screening where can help identify early infection,monitor,report ear infec,regular child health cheks) a laboratory research aimed at understanding the interaction of the otitis media pathogens and the vaccine treatment. In the absence of a national population-based surveillance program to monitor and report on ear disease and associated hearing problems in Indigenous children (Couzos et al. 2007)this is not valid references can not be older than 2010, an effective surveillance strategy can be built around regular (or opportunistic) child health checks. The study will involve Indigenous children aged between 1-3 years, and upon the completion of the laboratory investigation, the researcher will transfer the findings to the healthcare system within the Aboriginal community, whereby physicians will be advised to ensure that immunization of toddlers with OM is done on the right time, correctly, and accurately. The researcher will also emphasize that the care providers should keep communication open to ensure that the program does not cause any side effect that may influence the life of the children set to access the practice. Finally, the project planner aim at doing a frequent and an accurate assessment of the program, to ensure that the process reduces the transmission of bacterial infection to toddlers between 18 and 36 months.( REVRITE this without laboratory findings please)
Objectives of the Project
Importantly, this project is designed with the purpose of bringing a change in the healthcare organizations set in areas where Aboriginal community resides in the Australia. Typically, the objective of the proposed plan refers to the particular outcome that will be achieved after implementation.
The first objective that this project is to ensure that Indigenous children receive their immunization on time and the rate of vaccination is done in the right ways using the correct products. Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (2014) proclaims that timely immunization for toddlers with middle ear disease or otitis media is essential to the reduction of the burden that is brought by the disease. In addition, this project is also set to create the awareness with regards to the aspect of immunization as an intervention strategy, which the Australian healthcare system need to adapt so that it can decrease the predominance of OM in Aboriginal children within the Australian region. In reference to this point, Kaufman et al. (2017) allude that implementation of the vaccination program for children with OM is fundamental, as people can understand the meaning and relevance of immunization to the health of children and the entire community. As such, from the plan that this project wants to introduce, it is evident that immunization is an intervention program that can be utilized to prevent spreading of infectious sicknesses that may influence the life of young children since they day of birth.
Strategies to Achieve the Objective
- Remarkably, to ensure that the immunization program is done on a timely basis, the investigator planning this project recommends that the practice should be carried out to Aboriginal toddlers aged six months, where the kids will receive (an amoxicillin NO) name the Pneumoccocal vaccine dosage for immunization.
- The other strategy that will be used to attain the goal of this project is communication, whereby the researcher plans to educate and inform the community about immunization as an intervention measure for preventing the spread of otitis media in young children. Any national ear health campaign materials (e.g. DVDs) and initiatives (e.g. media campaigns) must be localised if they are to be effective. Breastfeeding has been shown to have a protective effect.
-centred modeou can reduce the chances of your child having AOM by doing the following:
- wash hands and toys frequently to reduce your chances of getting a cold or other respiratory infection.
- avoid cigarette smoke.
- get seasonal flu shots and pneumococcal vaccines.
- breastfeed infants instead of bottle feeding them if possible.
Distributing leaflets ,audios on radio,social web sites for awareness,support and guidance,early screaning to manage the potencial complication
The campaing targets visiting clinics with information packages ex “Happy Childhood’’
It will consist of 10 pages along with postcards containing information regarding……..write something…
Try to write about packages importance of early detection of( OM),education,maybe video that can explain positive stories
Budget Estimates
The budget of this project will be based on the cost of the workforce and the system that needs improvement. The training fee will also be part of the budget, as the project planner is set to train nurses on the way to implement and monitor the proposed plan. Hence, this project is estimated to cost $300, and the amount will include all the standard and average cost incurred for sustainability of the project.
Table 1: Budget breakdown as per the need of each activity incorporated in this project
| Workface and Materials | Cost $ |
| Employees salary | 180 |
| Training fee | 70 |
| Emergency cases | 25 |
| Miscellaneous expenses | 25 |
Timeline Estimate
The project is expected to take 90 days.
Table 2: Project timeline and activities
| Time (days) | Activity |
| 7 days | Train the team of nurses on how to use the selected program. |
| 15 days | Carry out laboratory research in which interaction of the otitis media pathogens, and the proposed intervention will be tested. |
| 15 days | Collect and record reports on the laboratory investigation. |
| 7 days | Interpret the report to understand the extent of immunization as an effective practice to minimize the spread of OM in young children. |
| 21 days | Execute the project and use the suggested plan to do an early immunization to control the prevalence of otitis media. |
| 25 days | Continue with the program but compare the current status of the children involved in the treatment with the previous period with no treatment practices. |
Evaluation
For the project planner to test whether the intended goals has been achieved, several medical examinations on the children who has been vaccinated using amoxicillin(forget about amoxicillin) will be done. Christian-Kopp et al. (2010) outline that amoxicillin is an essential substance that nurses and physicians can use to prevent ear diseases, as a complete dose of amoxicillin is penetrative to the middle ear conditions in the children and has an antimicrobial spectrum, which is a substantial antibiotic that acts against illness caused by bacterial. On the context of knowing if educating the community about immunization through communication has been efficient, the project planner will learn that this goal has been achieved if the community provides support for the practice and shows specific skills concerning the new strategy set to reduce the cases of OM in young toddlers in the Indigenous community.
You have to revrite it please
Work with Partnership
For the project planner to ensure that the suggested plan is not complex, it was necessary to operate in collaboration with other individuals in the community. In essence, the planner consulted the local administrators, non-government organizations, the representative of the Aboriginal people, and medical care professionals working in the local hospitals. The reason why the planner incorporated other stakeholders in the creation of this project was due to the aspect of funding and getting ideas that would make the project more realistic and achievable. For example, the consultation with the government officials and non-government enterprises was relevant, as through the association the planner would obtain funds that will be used to facilitate the project and its objective. Conversely, through the partnership that was created between the project planner and the local medical staffs, the project developer would obtain essential information regarding what is making OM more prevalent and the steps that the hospitals in the Aboriginal region have been carrying out to combat the spread of OM in children of 1-3 years. Finally, the project organizer intends to disseminate the outcome of this project through planning and publishing the findings where necessary. As such, to communicate the project outcomes, results will be submitted for publication, and regular updates concerning the project will be delivered to the local hospitals, government, and community. .10
WA Health; – Commonwealth Department of Health and Ageing, including the Office of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health; – WA Department of Education; – WA Department of Indigenous Affairs; – Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Organisations; – WA Regional Development Council; – WA Local Government Association; – Medicare Locals; – Research and education sector; – Department for Child Protection; – Department for Communities; – Disability Services Commission. This may include the establishment of an Otitis Media Strategic Reference Group which oversees strategic investment in and outcomes from otitis media prevention and treatment programs.
Project Sustainability 0. WA Health should collaborate with the Department of Education, Aboriginal community controlled sector, Commonwealth departments and non-government agencies to develop a resource plan for hearing aids, sound amplification and child development
You have to name it the organization and the way how it is going to help you therapy to address temporary and permanent hearing loss in populations with high prevalence of OM.
Sustainability is a fundamental concept of healthcare projects, and it means the ability of a project to continue with its operation even after the achievement of the desired goals. Sustainability of this project will be a core activity, as through this aspect, the project organizer will ensure that the resources used to make the project a success are not wasted and the plan has the characteristic of continuity. In this case, it is proposed that after launching the project and the planner deliver the project successfully, an evaluation to determine the sustainability of the scheme will be carried out. After the project arranger completes the assessment task, a multidisciplinary approach will be established aimed at ensuring that no individuals misuse the tools, resources, and funds that were used to make the project a success. This means that the project team will come up with ethical concepts that will regulate the application of the properties that were employed in the project in order to ensure that if the project needs to be implemented again, the resources used in the initial project would be utilized for the second time. Consequently, such protocol will support the project and ensure that it is sustained for the future purposes.
References
Australian Bureau of Statistics, (2017). 4727.0.55.001 – Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health Survey: First Results, Australia, 2012-13. Retrieved from: http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/Lookup/0BBD25C6FF8BDB06CA257C2F001458BF?opendocument.
Australian Hearing, (2016). What you need to know about middle ear infections. Retrieved from: https://www.hearing.com.au/otitis-media/
Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, (2014). Ear disease in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children. Retrieved from: http://www.aihw.gov.au/uploadedFiles/ClosingTheGap/Content/Our_publications/2014/ctgc-rs35.pdf
Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, (2014). Review of early childhood parenting, education, and health intervention programs for Indigenous children and families in Australia. Retrieved from: http://www.aihw.gov.au/uploadedFiles/ClosingTheGap/Content/Our_publications/2014/ctgc-ip08.pdf
Chin, L. K., Crawford, N. W., Rowles, G., & Buttery, J. P. (2012). Australian immunization registers: established foundations and opportunities for improvement. Immunization registers, (17)16, 1-8.
Christian-Kopp, S., Sinha, M., Rosenberg, D. I., Eisenhart, A. W., & McDonald, F. W. (2010). Antibiotic dosing for acute otitis media in children: a weighty issue. Pediatric emergency care, 26(1), 19-25.
Hill, S. (2012). Ear disease in Indigenous Australians: A literature review. Australian Medical Student Journal, 3(1), 45-49.
Kaufman, J., Ryan, R., Glenton, C., Lewin, S., Bosch-Capblanch, X., Cartier, Y., … & Oku, A. (2017). Childhood vaccination communication outcomes unpacked and organized in a taxonomy to facilitate core outcome establishment. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 1-24.
Kirkham, L. S., Wiertsema, S. P., Smith-Vaughan, H. C., Thornton, R. B., Marsh, R. L., Lehmann, D., … & Richmond, P. C. (2010). Are you listening? The inaugural Australian Otitis Media (OMOZ) workshop-towards a better understanding of otitis media. Med J Aust, 193(10), 569-571.
Li, M. G., Hotez, P. J., Vrabec, J. T., & Donovan, D. T. (2015). Is chronic suppurative otitis media a neglected tropical disease? PLoS Negl Trop Dis, 9(3), 1-6.
